{"id":13888,"date":"2020-07-22T14:27:07","date_gmt":"2020-07-22T14:27:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/?p=13888"},"modified":"2023-05-11T17:56:55","modified_gmt":"2023-05-11T15:56:55","slug":"the-fungus-with-23000-sexes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/blog\/the-fungus-with-23000-sexes\/","title":{"rendered":"Houba s 23 000 pohlav\u00edmi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>A\u010dkoli je u hub b\u011b\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee maj\u00ed n\u011bkolik pohlav\u00ed, je to i na houby p\u0159ehnan\u00e9. Uv\u011bdomme si, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f m\u00e1 pouze dv\u011b mo\u017en\u00e1 pohlav\u00ed. <em>(pohlav\u00ed jsou \u010dist\u011b biologick\u00e1 a odd\u011blen\u00e1 od genderu).<\/em> kter\u00e9 mohou v\u00e9st k \"\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9mu\" p\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed <em>(tj. vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed potomk\u016f),<\/em> potenci\u00e1l seznamky pro tuto houbu je ohromuj\u00edc\u00ed!<\/strong> <strong>Zde se dozv\u00edte o houb\u011b s 23 000 pohlav\u00edmi!<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-pale-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\" id=\"h-what-s-your-name-and-where-do-you-come-from\"><em>Jak se jmenuje\u0161 a odkud poch\u00e1z\u00ed\u0161?<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Jak tedy tato nadm\u011brn\u011b sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed houba vypad\u00e1? Ve skute\u010dnosti se jedn\u00e1 o druh b\u00edl\u00e9 d\u0159evokazn\u00e9 houby, kter\u00e1 se vyskytuje v n\u011bkter\u00fdch oblastech Indie, Thajska, Nig\u00e9rie, Madagaskaru a V\u00fdchodn\u00ed Indie.  Houba Splitgill je z\u0159ejm\u011b gumovit\u00e1 a tvrd\u00e1 k j\u00eddlu, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e v\u011bt\u0161ina z\u00e1padn\u00edch pr\u016fvodc\u016f ji ozna\u010duje za nejedlou. To v\u0161ak nez\u00e1padn\u00ed obyvatele neodrazuje, proto\u017ee jsou obezn\u00e1meni s t\u00edm, \u017ee houba je jedl\u00e1. <a aria-label=\"undefined (otev\u0159e se v nov\u00e9 z\u00e1lo\u017ece)\" href=\"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/articles\/psychedelic-studies\/top-5-medicinal-mushrooms\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">l\u00e9\u010div\u00e9<\/a> pou\u017eit\u00ed. Stejn\u011b jako mnoho jin\u00fdch hub m\u00e1 protipl\u00eds\u0148ov\u00e9 a antibakteri\u00e1ln\u00ed vlastnosti, kter\u00e9 ji chr\u00e1n\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b a kter\u00e9 jsou pro \u010dlov\u011bka velmi prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-pale-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\" id=\"h-variety-is-the-spice-of-life\"><em>Rozmanitost je ko\u0159en\u00edm \u017eivota<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Krom\u011b toho, \u017ee rozmanitost je ko\u0159en\u00edm \u017eivota, \u010d\u00edm je pro tuto houbu prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd takov\u00fd po\u010det pohlav\u00ed? Jak \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 profesorka Kathie Hodgeov\u00e1 z Cornellovy univerzity. <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.mycology.cornell.edu\/2010\/06\/02\/a-fungus-walks-into-a-singles-bar\/\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"undefined (otev\u0159e se v nov\u00e9 z\u00e1lo\u017ece)\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">uv\u00e1d\u00ed<\/a> lid\u00e9 se mohou potenci\u00e1ln\u011b rozmno\u017eovat pouze s \"asi polovinou lid\u00ed v m\u00edstnosti\". <em>(v z\u00e1vislosti na va\u0161em spole\u010densk\u00e9m okruhu)<\/em>. Kdy\u017e, stejn\u011b jako <em>Schizophyllum commune, <\/em>va\u0161e mo\u017enosti jsou mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed a \u0161ance na \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 zplozen\u00ed se v\u00fdrazn\u011b zvy\u0161uj\u00ed. Jak Hodge vtipkuje, m\u016f\u017eete \"...zjistit, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd na tane\u010dn\u00edm parketu je potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed partner\".&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-pale-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\" id=\"h-a-bit-of-science\"><em>Trocha v\u011bdy<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Samotn\u00e1 \"pohlav\u00ed\" se v\u011bt\u0161inou neprojevuj\u00ed jako fyzick\u00e9 rozd\u00edly, jak bychom si je mohli spojovat se zv\u00ed\u0159aty.Odli\u0161nosti jsou ukryty v genomu, na dvou odd\u011blen\u00fdch m\u00edstech, v nich\u017e jsou dv\u011b alely. <em>(variace genu)<\/em>. Loci <em>(m\u00edsta)<\/em>&nbsp;se ozna\u010duj\u00ed jako A a B, zat\u00edmco alely se naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed \"alfa\" a \"beta\". To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee existuj\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed pohlav\u00ed. Je toho v\u0161ak v\u00edc. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 alela A-alfa\/beta a B-alfa\/beta m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt spoustu r\u016fzn\u00fdch variant, kter\u00fdm se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 specifity. To d\u011bl\u00e1 p\u0159es 339 specifit pro A a 64 pro B. P\u0159i zaveden\u00ed t\u011bchto dvou pohlav\u00ed tak vznikaj\u00ed tis\u00edce mo\u017en\u00fdch unik\u00e1tn\u00edch pohlav\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-pale-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\" id=\"h-a-fungus-romance\"><em>Rom\u00e1n o houb\u00e1ch<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Hlavn\u00ed prioritou je, aby si houba na\u0161la partnera jin\u00e9ho pohlav\u00ed. Houby se pak spoj\u00ed v tzv. romantick\u00e9m spojen\u00ed, kdy j\u00e1dra p\u0159ech\u00e1zej\u00ed z jedn\u00e9 bu\u0148ky do druh\u00e9. Krom\u011b toho m\u016f\u017ee kter\u00fdkoli z partner\u016f ot\u011bhotn\u011bt <em>(tj. vyrobit malou houbu)<\/em> a oba mohou b\u00fdt \"otci\" potomk\u016f. <em>(tj. poskytnout houb\u00e1m ekvivalent spermatick\u00e9 bu\u0148ky).<\/em>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-pale-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\" id=\"h-never-a-dull-moment\"><em>Nikdy \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 nudn\u00e1 chv\u00edle<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Tato vynucen\u00e1 variace vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed potomstvo, kter\u00e9 je odoln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u016f\u010di nemocem a parazit\u016fm, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee druh houby z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 siln\u00fd i pro dal\u0161\u00ed generace. Tak\u017ee rand\u011bn\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b hub - nikdy nen\u00ed nuda.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pozn\u00e1mka na okraj - existuje tak\u00e9 smrteln\u011b nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1 houba, kter\u00e1 se jmenuje <em>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/em> kter\u00e9 mohou <a aria-label=\"undefined (otev\u0159e se v nov\u00e9 z\u00e1lo\u017ece)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.livescience.com\/39541-deadly-fungus-mates-with-clones.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">rozmno\u017eovat se pomoc\u00ed klon\u016f sebe sama<\/a>. To n\u00e1m p\u0159ipad\u00e1 jako p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eka...<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dating can be difficult. Especially during lockdown. One organism that probably does not understand the struggle however, is a fungus known as Schizophyllum commune, or &#8216;Splitgill&#8217; mushroom. Believe it or not, this fungi has over 23,000 different sexes.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13890,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[68],"tags":[],"topics":[],"class_list":["post-13888","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science-and-studies"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13888","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13888"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13888\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":123872,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13888\/revisions\/123872"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13890"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13888"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13888"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13888"},{"taxonomy":"topics","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topics?post=13888"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}