{"id":16369,"date":"2020-12-08T15:51:59","date_gmt":"2020-12-08T15:51:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/?p=16369"},"modified":"2023-11-02T15:00:47","modified_gmt":"2023-11-02T14:00:47","slug":"earliest-evidence-of-human-psychedelic-use-in-california","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/blog\/nejstarsi-dukazy-o-pouzivani-psychedelik-v-kalifornii\/","title":{"rendered":"V kalifornsk\u00e9 jeskyni byly nalezeny nejstar\u0161\u00ed d\u016fkazy o u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed psychedelik lidmi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O tis\u00edce let pozd\u011bji se v\u011bdc\u016fm mo\u017en\u00e1 poda\u0159ilo <strong>rozlu\u0161tila z\u00e1hadu<\/strong>. \u010cerven\u00e1 barva <em>\"pinwheel\"<\/em> je spojena s psychedelickou kv\u011btinou, <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Datura_wrightii\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Datura wrightii<\/a><\/strong>, zn\u00e1m\u00fd pro sv\u00e9 ob\u0159adn\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed lidem \u010cuma\u0161\u016f.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u016fra m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fs.fed.us\/wildflowers\/pollinators\/pollinator-of-the-month\/hawk_moths.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"broken_link\"><strong>jest\u0159\u00e1b\u00ed m\u016fra<\/strong> <\/a>kter\u00e9 pop\u00edjely nektar Datura vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed trip, a tak m\u011bly opileck\u00fd, tane\u010dn\u00ed let.<em> <\/em>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dal\u0161\u00ed d\u016fkazy o d\u00e1vn\u00e9m u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed psychedelik jsou nalepeny na stropech jeskyn\u00ed, a to v podob\u011b <strong>quids<\/strong>nebo 400 let star\u00e9 hrudky roz\u017ev\u00fdkan\u00fdch drog. Ty obsahuj\u00ed <strong>skopolamin<\/strong> a <strong>atropin<\/strong>, chemik\u00e1lie, kter\u00e9 v daturach ohromuj\u00ed mysl. Ze studie d\u00e1le vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\"...piktogramy pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nebyly sebeobrazem \u0161aman\u016f v transu, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e ikonografick\u00fdmi obrazy vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edmi z mytologie...\".<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jedn\u00e1 se o prvn\u00ed d\u016fkaz, \u017ee lid\u00e9 u\u017e\u00edvali halucinogeny v prav\u011bk\u00e9 jeskyni. Pro\u010d se v\u0161ak na\u0161i prvn\u00ed psychonauti zam\u011b\u0159ili na datura? Byla snad kv\u011btina uct\u00edv\u00e1na?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"709\" height=\"408\" src=\"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/datura-flower-pinwheel-cave.jpeg\" alt=\"kresba \u010derven\u00e9 jeskyn\u011b vedle fotografie kvetouc\u00ed datury\" class=\"wp-image-159700\" style=\"width:841px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/datura-flower-pinwheel-cave.jpeg 709w, https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/datura-flower-pinwheel-cave-600x345.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/datura-flower-pinwheel-cave-300x173.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/datura-flower-pinwheel-cave-18x10.jpeg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 709px) 100vw, 709px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\">Pinwheel Cave v Kalifornii, kde spojili \u010dervenou spir\u00e1lu s kouzeln\u00fdm kv\u011btem. V\u0161imn\u011bte si tvaru rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edch se okv\u011btn\u00edch l\u00edstk\u016f... (Foto s laskav\u00fdm svolen\u00edm: Melissa Dabulamanzi)<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-pale-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\" id=\"h-the-magic-flower\"><em> Kouzeln\u00e1 kv\u011btina<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Datura byla rozpu\u0161t\u011bna jako \u010daj zvan\u00fd <strong>toloache<\/strong>, kter\u00fd mlad\u00ed chlapci pili jako ob\u0159ad p\u0159echodu. Jej\u00ed halucinogeny jim umo\u017e\u0148ovaly p\u0159\u00edstup k... <em>\"sf\u00e9ra nether\"<\/em>. Ale kv\u011btina byla kouzeln\u00e1 i jinak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zn\u00e1m\u00fd tak\u00e9 jako <strong>thornapple<\/strong> a<strong> jimsonweed<\/strong>, Datura otev\u00edr\u00e1 sv\u00e9 okv\u011btn\u00ed l\u00edstky pouze za soumraku a za sv\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159es den je zav\u00edr\u00e1. \u010cerven\u00e1 spir\u00e1la pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b ukazuje kv\u011bt Datura <em>\"probuzen\u00ed\"<\/em>, uvedli v\u011bdci:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\"Datura mohla b\u00fdt u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na po cel\u00fd \u017eivot z r\u016fzn\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed nadp\u0159irozen\u00e9 s\u00edly k l\u00e9\u010den\u00ed, k potla\u010den\u00ed negativn\u00edch nadp\u0159irozen\u00fdch jev\u016f, k odvr\u00e1cen\u00ed duch\u016f, k vid\u011bn\u00ed budoucnosti nebo nalezen\u00ed ztracen\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f...\"<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b je datura chov\u00e1na jako b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 zahradn\u00ed rostlina, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm kv\u016fli sv\u00fdm trubkovit\u00fdm kv\u011bt\u016fm. Po skon\u010den\u00ed obdob\u00ed kveten\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed Datura \u0161pi\u010dat\u00e9 plody.<em> (odtud dal\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1zev, thornapple)<\/em>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"991\" height=\"552\" src=\"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/red-daura-flower.jpg\" alt=\"\u010derven\u00fd kv\u011bt datury zbl\u00edzka\" class=\"wp-image-159703\" srcset=\"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/red-daura-flower.jpg 991w, https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/red-daura-flower-600x334.jpg 600w, https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/red-daura-flower-300x167.jpg 300w, https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/red-daura-flower-768x428.jpg 768w, https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/red-daura-flower-18x10.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 991px) 100vw, 991px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\">\u010cerven\u00fd kv\u011bt datury<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ano, v\u00fdlet vyvolan\u00fd Daturou m\u016f\u017ee trvat a\u017e dva dny. Ale pozor! Jeliko\u017e se jedn\u00e1 o alkaloidn\u00ed rostlinu, jej\u00edm nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm vedlej\u0161\u00edm \u00fa\u010dinkem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt n\u00e1hodn\u00e9 p\u0159ed\u00e1vkov\u00e1n\u00ed... a smrt otravou. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 zatracen\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st datury <em>je<\/em> toxick\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-pale-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\" id=\"h-what-happens-if-you-eat-datura\"><em> Co se stane, kdy\u017e sn\u00edte datura <\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Datura wrightii je sice siln\u00e9 psychedelikum, ale nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky zdaleka p\u0159eva\u017euj\u00ed nad jeho kouzlem:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pomalej\u0161\u00ed <em>(nebo \u0161\u00edlen\u011b rychleji)<\/em> my\u0161lenky;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed motivace;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>P\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e1 deprese + \u00fazkost;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Paranoia s pocity <em>\"bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00ed se katastrofa\"<\/em>;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zkreslen\u00ed \u010dasu;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00danava sval\u016f;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Amn\u00e9zie a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Smrt jedem<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nechme tedy experimenty jeskynn\u00edm lidem, ano?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-pale-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\" id=\"h-the-first-psychonauts\"><em>Prvn\u00ed Psychonauti?<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pokud byla datura tak nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1, pro\u010d ji kaliforn\u0161t\u00ed jeskynn\u00ed lid\u00e9 brali, \u017eili, aby o tom mohli vypr\u00e1v\u011bt, a tak dob\u0159e ji malovali na sv\u00e9 jeskynn\u00ed studny? Nebyli sjet\u00ed?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pro za\u010d\u00e1tek, um\u011blci pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b p\u0159i kreslen\u00ed nezakop\u00e1vali, proto\u017ee hlavn\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk <strong>David Robinson<\/strong> \u0159ekl pro Live Science:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\"Je to velmi nepravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9 kv\u016fli oslabuj\u00edc\u00edm \u00fa\u010dink\u016fm Datury.\"<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Domorod\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9 byli v\u016f\u010di jedu t\u00e9to kv\u011btiny pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b imunn\u00ed, proto\u017ee ji pou\u017e\u00edvali v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b - a nejen p\u0159i ritu\u00e1lech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Archeologov\u00e9 poprv\u00e9 narazili na skaln\u00ed malby v roce 1999 v lokalit\u011b<strong> Rezervace Wind Wolves<\/strong> pobl\u00ed\u017e Santa Barbary. D\u011bln\u00edci objevili \u010derven\u00e9 v\u011btrn\u00edkov\u00e9 kolo a m\u016fru namalovanou pomoc\u00ed <strong>okrov\u00e1<\/strong>nebo \u010derven\u00fd j\u00edl.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"839\" height=\"379\" src=\"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/cave-painting-by-the-chamush-people.jpeg\" alt=\"jeskynn\u00ed malby ve tvaru \u010derven\u00e9ho kola od n\u00e1roda \u010cuma\u0161\u016f.\" class=\"wp-image-159704\" srcset=\"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/cave-painting-by-the-chamush-people.jpeg 839w, https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/cave-painting-by-the-chamush-people-600x271.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/cave-painting-by-the-chamush-people-300x136.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/cave-painting-by-the-chamush-people-768x347.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/cave-painting-by-the-chamush-people-18x8.jpeg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 839px) 100vw, 839px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\">Dal\u0161\u00ed neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e1 jeskynn\u00ed malba \u010cuma\u0161\u016f ve stejn\u00e9 oblasti, kde byl nalezen \"\u010derven\u00fd v\u011btrn\u00edk\". (p\u0159es Wikipedii)<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Podobn\u011b jako Michelangelova d\u00edla v Sixtinsk\u00e9 kapli pomohly skaln\u00ed malby p\u016fvodn\u00edm obyvatel\u016fm. <em>\"dostat se do n\u00e1lady\"<\/em> pro jejich duchovn\u00ed cestu. Halucinogenn\u00ed s\u00edla datury pro n\u011b nebyla ur\u010dena jen \u0161aman\u016fm, ale v\u0161em, kte\u0159\u00ed ji pot\u0159ebovali.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\"...je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee \u017ev\u00fdk\u00e1n\u00ed datury mohlo souviset s jin\u00fdmi skupinov\u00fdmi ob\u0159ady, jako je p\u0159\u00edprava na loveck\u00e9 v\u00fdpravy.\"<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-pale-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\" id=\"h-rare-piece-of-psychedelic-history\"><em>Vz\u00e1cn\u00fd kus psychedelick\u00e9 historie <\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed str\u00e1nek <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/explainer-what-is-radiocarbon-dating-and-how-does-it-work-9690\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">radiokarbonov\u00e9 datov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/strong>, bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee jeskyn\u011b byla vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na od roku 1600 do konce 19. stolet\u00ed.  A neslou\u017eila jen k ritu\u00e1l\u016fm nebo zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostem. Na\u0161li tak\u00e9 <strong>rovna\u010de h\u0159\u00eddel\u00ed \u0161\u00edp\u016f<\/strong> <em>(co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee znamenat p\u0159\u00edpravu na lov)<\/em>, <strong>mlet\u00e1 semena<\/strong> <em>(ze skladu potravin)<\/em>a <strong>zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed kosti<\/strong> zbytky j\u00eddla. Fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed, \u017ee?&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na\u0161i p\u0159edkov\u00e9 nejen\u017ee psychedelika u\u017e\u00edvali, ale tak\u00e9 je uct\u00edvali a jejich kouzlo zapojovali do ka\u017edodenn\u00edho \u017eivota. A p\u0159esto\u017ee dnes v\u00edme, \u017ee Datura je smrteln\u011b nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1, jej\u00ed \u010derven\u00e1 spir\u00e1la se bude <em>rozhodn\u011b<\/em> se jasn\u011b zapsal do psychedelick\u00e9 historie.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"709\" height=\"339\" src=\"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/chamush-people.jpeg\" alt=\"obraz \u010duma\u0161sk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti s tkan\u00fdmi ch\u00fd\u0161emi a \u010dluny\" class=\"wp-image-159707\" style=\"width:841px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/chamush-people.jpeg 709w, https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/chamush-people-600x287.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/chamush-people-300x143.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/chamush-people-18x9.jpeg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 709px) 100vw, 709px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\">Rekreace \u010duma\u0161sk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Co si mysl\u00edte? Zm\u011bnil tento objev v\u00e1\u0161 pohled na starov\u011bk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti? <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pokud se chcete dozv\u011bd\u011bt v\u00edce o tom, jak lid\u00e9 v historii vystupovali, pod\u00edvejte se na str\u00e1nku <a href=\"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/articles\/psychedelic-studies\/evidence-of-ancient-civilisations-using-psychedelics\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">D\u016fkazy o u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed psychedelik starov\u011bk\u00fdmi civilizacemi<\/a>!<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kdysi d\u00e1vno \u017eily domorod\u00e9 kmeny v Kalifornii v jeskyn\u00edch. A v noci se ned\u00edvali na hv\u011bzdy na obloze, ale na jasn\u011b \u010derven\u00fd obraz s v\u011btrn\u00edkem a \u0161irokookou m\u016frou.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":16372,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[69],"tags":[],"topics":[],"class_list":["post-16369","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-psychedelic-culture"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16369","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16369"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16369\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":159709,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16369\/revisions\/159709"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16372"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16369"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16369"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16369"},{"taxonomy":"topics","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topics?post=16369"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}