{"id":22713,"date":"2021-06-09T12:59:50","date_gmt":"2021-06-09T12:59:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/?p=18522"},"modified":"2023-05-11T09:17:31","modified_gmt":"2023-05-11T07:17:31","slug":"how-mushrooms-help-plants-talk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/blog\/jak-houby-pomahaji-rostlinam-mluvit\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak houby pom\u00e1haj\u00ed rostlin\u00e1m mluvit"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nebo snad ano?&nbsp; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V ned\u00e1vn\u00e9m pr\u016fzkumu ve Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii <strong>studium<\/strong>, v\u011bdci zjistili, \u017ee rostliny ve voln\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b jsou spojeny sv\u00fdmi ko\u0159eny prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm <strong>s\u00edt\u011b hub<\/strong>. Tyto slo\u017eit\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b, tzv. <strong>mykorhiza<\/strong>, m\u016f\u017ee prob\u00edhat kilometry pod zem\u00ed a umo\u017e\u0148uje rostlin\u00e1m komunikovat mezi sebou ve virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edti. <em>\"rostlina Internet\"<\/em>. Zde je objev, kter\u00fd mo\u017en\u00e1 nav\u017edy zm\u011bn\u00ed v\u00e1\u0161 pohled na sv\u011bt!&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-pale-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\" id=\"h-plant-internet\"><em>\"Internet pro rostliny\" <\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/hNMH1rHToFuq45hdQO6mEGGsTku-1U5oKX2wUY87wUnpUBhGoxW68BXUqEsB-pPNpa-h4qyeMLtReewoHvRxuXz1qtV1G37REwYGsCubCyME2M9XZxeRhnmZI9Lb55tVYLc60i3u\" alt=\"\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-amber-color\">P\u016fvodn\u00ed \"optick\u00fd internet\". (Foto s laskav\u00fdm svolen\u00edm: DW)&nbsp;<\/span><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mykorhizy<\/strong> je druh houby, kter\u00e1 ulp\u00edv\u00e1 na ko\u0159enech rostlin. <em>(V \u0159e\u010dtin\u011b mykos znamen\u00e1 houba a riza znamen\u00e1 ko\u0159en)<\/em>. T\u00edm, \u017ee houba pror\u016fst\u00e1 hedv\u00e1bn\u00fdmi \"v\u011btvemi\" ke ko\u0159en\u016fm jin\u00fdch rostlin, vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed slo\u017eitou s\u00ed\u0165. Ta se m\u016f\u017ee rozprost\u00edrat <em>des\u00edtky<\/em> metr\u016f v pr\u016fm\u011bru. A kdy\u017e se na jednu z nich pod\u00edv\u00e1te zbl\u00edzka, vypad\u00e1 trochu jako pavu\u010dina - jak to mycelium \u010dasto d\u011bl\u00e1. Ur\u010dit\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00fd pohled, pokud <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/webshop\/MAGIC-MUSHROOM-GROW-KITS-c2086070\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">vyp\u011bstujte si vlastn\u00ed kouzeln\u00e9 houby<\/a><\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jak p\u0159esn\u011b mohou rostliny prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm t\u011bchto ko\u0159enov\u00fdch hub komunikovat? V\u011bdci z <strong>Aberdeensk\u00e1 univerzita<\/strong> vytvo\u0159il test, aby to zjistil! V klasick\u00e9m pokusu p\u011bstovali dv\u011b sady bobovit\u00fdch rostlin. Na jedn\u00e9 sad\u011b nechali vyr\u016fst s\u00edt\u011b hub. Druh\u00e1 sada nikoliv. Stonky, v\u011btve a listy byly tak\u00e9 zakryty s\u00e1\u010dky, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo jak\u00fdmkoli chemick\u00fdm sign\u00e1l\u016fm. <em>(kter\u00e9 se mohou \u0161\u00ed\u0159it vzduchem)<\/em>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u011bdci pot\u00e9 vydali <strong>m\u0161ice<\/strong> <em>(z\u00e1ke\u0159n\u00fd hmyz saj\u00edc\u00ed m\u00edzu)<\/em> na n\u011bkter\u00e9 rostliny, aby zjistili, zda mohou <em>\"varovat\"<\/em> ostatn\u00ed v\u010das.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-pale-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\" id=\"h-early-warning-system\"><em> Syst\u00e9m v\u010dasn\u00e9ho varov\u00e1n\u00ed <\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh6.googleusercontent.com\/8k53vhS2Jm0yZ1DOmb3CkHTeJUO0tIjXYAxfvp7UZcpjnLreWkYdpucbX8NDqpucBhYF9ES0nt9HRT7pPpLBTlpF3-E_pAfrekF0whB6VYs2Myw1U8auej4CjgvFlCU_zxu554OS\" alt=\"\" width=\"528\" height=\"533\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><mark class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-amber-color\">Rostliny napaden\u00e9 m\u0161icemi \"varuj\u00ed\" ostatn\u00ed rostliny pomoc\u00ed houbov\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed. (Foto s laskav\u00fdm svolen\u00edm: Ecology Letters)<\/mark><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u011bd\u011bli jste, \u017ee fazolov\u00e9 rostliny mohou v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b ohro\u017een\u00ed vyst\u0159ikovat chemick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky? Tyto toxiny \"proti m\u0161ic\u00edm\" tak\u00e9 p\u0159itahuj\u00ed <strong>vosy<\/strong>, p\u0159irozen\u00e9 pred\u00e1tory \u0161k\u016fdc\u016f. Jako obrana v\u0161ak funguje pouze tehdy, pokud rostliny napaden\u00e9 m\u0161icemi dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed v\u010das varovat ostatn\u00ed - a pr\u00e1v\u011b zde zasahuje s\u00ed\u0165 hub.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <em>prvn\u00ed sada<\/em> rostlin fazol\u00ed <em>(kter\u00e1 m\u011bla s\u00edt\u011b hub) <\/em>se mohli p\u0159ipravit na p\u0159\u00edchod m\u0161ic. Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch <em>druh\u00e1 sada<\/em> <em>(kter\u00e1 m\u011bla nulov\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b hub)<\/em> netu\u0161il, \u017ee \u0161k\u016fdci p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed. Nem\u011bli <strong>syst\u00e9m v\u010dasn\u00e9ho varov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>... tak\u017ee jejich fazole byly rozkr\u00e1jeny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-pale-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\" id=\"h-wood-wide-web\"><em>Wood Wide Web <\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh5.googleusercontent.com\/D9URYP9Xb8o-6alIvbyhFlEZbo_FKTAt49dfzVOzXBxcxj_ekhEFmsm8x52eQFeKYSaDCTnZXbq9e4vV5hfX16nktLMHpA1A5wWcHQUGuhkTdRBdjsqYQYUQOaulhPYIZysHT5fC\" alt=\"\" width=\"695\" height=\"409\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-amber-color\">Um\u011bleck\u00e1 d\u00edla Julese Bartla<\/span><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e1 s\u00edla s\u00edt\u00ed hub <em>mimo<\/em> fazolov\u00e9 rostliny. V\u011b\u0159te tomu nebo ne, ale mykorhizn\u00ed houby spojuj\u00ed <strong>90% v\u0161ech suchozemsk\u00fdch rostlin<\/strong>! Star\u0161\u00ed stromy pos\u00edlaj\u00ed cukry \"mlad\u00fdm stromk\u016fm\"... Odum\u00edraj\u00edc\u00ed stromy mohou p\u0159edat zbytky \u017eivin ostatn\u00edm... A samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, v\u010dasn\u00e1 varov\u00e1n\u00ed jsou vys\u00edl\u00e1na zbytku lesa. <em>(v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b n\u00e1kazy hmyzem)<\/em>. To v\u0161e d\u00edky houbov\u00fdm s\u00edt\u00edm!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\"Vztah mezi t\u011bmito mykorhizn\u00edmi houbami a rostlinami, kter\u00e9 spojuj\u00ed, je nyn\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako<\/em><strong><em> <\/em><\/strong><em>starobyl\u00fd (asi \u010dty\u0159i sta pades\u00e1t milion\u016f let)... a <\/em><strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Symbiosis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">symbi\u00f3za <\/a><\/em><\/strong><em>v n\u011bm\u017e oba organismy maj\u00ed prosp\u011bch jeden z druh\u00e9ho.\" <\/em>- z <strong>New Yorker<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Houby p\u0159ij\u00edmaj\u00ed potravu ze strom\u016f, nap\u0159\u00edklad cukr bohat\u00fd na sacharidy, kter\u00fd vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed ze slune\u010dn\u00edho sv\u011btla. Pomoc\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00edch enzym\u016f, kter\u00e9 stromy nemaj\u00ed, houby p\u0159ij\u00edmaj\u00ed <strong>fosfor<\/strong>, <strong>dus\u00edk<\/strong>a <strong>\u017eelezo<\/strong> z p\u016fdy - a <em>akcie<\/em> s jejich listnat\u00fdmi hostiteli. Jak to? Uk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee s\u00edt\u011b hub dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed absorbovat \u017eiviny a vodu l\u00e9pe ne\u017e samotn\u00e9 ko\u0159eny rostlin! \u00da\u017easn\u00e9, \u017ee?&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-pale-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\" id=\"h-nature-s-recycling\"><em> Recyklace p\u0159\u00edrody <\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/c3ogALnczuKzb4MRFvpcuAvrxK3eY2b6eymZrTqeS1WUkGvIhpSVMjgawBKJjhFXpMfkrzSTFPnzfIthElWGBD4yROUBvUiB6boJreEu4AAlFNy_ytEG9jCMI5EGprKKjDDTpwQ4\" alt=\"\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-amber-color\">Houby p\u016fsob\u00ed jako \"rozklada\u010di\", rozkl\u00e1daj\u00ed \u017eiviny a \u010din\u00ed p\u016fdu mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b bohatou a \u00farodnou. (Foto s laskav\u00fdm svolen\u00edm: Groasis Waterboxx)<\/span><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Houby hraj\u00ed velkou roli jako <strong>rozklada\u010di<\/strong> ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b suchozemsk\u00fdch ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f. Houby se \u017eiv\u00ed rozkl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00edm se d\u0159evem a vracej\u00ed p\u016fd\u011b \u017eiviny. Tento \"odpad\" slou\u017e\u00ed jako potrava pro rostliny - d\u00edky tomu je svrchn\u00ed vrstva p\u016fdy bohat\u00e1 a \u00farodn\u00e1. Houby mohou tak\u00e9 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.resilience.org\/stories\/2019-04-08\/mushrooms-clean-up-our-toxic-messes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ropn\u00e9ho odpadu<\/strong> <\/a> p\u0159ed nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fdmi ropn\u00fdmi skvrnami, a dokonce odbour\u00e1vaj\u00ed toxick\u00fd chlor! Slovy mykologa <strong>Paul Stamets<\/strong>, houby <em>jsou<\/em> p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed recykla\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh5.googleusercontent.com\/mPhhIp-EMCOGzp5waZ8Ia1rem6izPlLYym2QSTTqb1vBzwtEq-CU1NzQmviik8AYB3qNcsQuMNmvRmq1WPMcvQg75sGTsggNvSO_vLfzGLq7S2teo04Z373zhlC9zcQkiESJY6G6\" alt=\"\" width=\"443\" height=\"333\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-amber-color\">Paul Stamets dr\u017e\u00ed houbu Agarikon.<\/span><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\"Houby jsou velc\u00ed recykl\u00e1to\u0159i planety a p\u0159edn\u00ed druhy p\u0159i obnov\u011b biotop\u016f.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\"Nikdy nepodce\u0148ujte chytrost hub p\u0159i hled\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00e9 potravy - od odum\u0159el\u00fdch rostlin p\u0159es hl\u00edstice a\u017e po bakterie!\"<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b je velmi slo\u017eit\u00e9 rozpoznat s\u00edt\u011b hub. Aby p\u0159e\u017eily, nesm\u00ed b\u00fdt p\u016fda rozru\u0161en\u00e1. <strong>Lidsk\u00e1 \u010dinnost,<\/strong> jako je obd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fdy a kultivace, mohou mykorhizy zni\u010dit. (<em>P\u0159em\u00fd\u0161leli jste n\u011bkdy o tom, pro\u010d plodiny na m\u011bstsk\u00fdch farm\u00e1ch nep\u011bstuj\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b hub? Te\u010f u\u017e to v\u00edte!)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-pale-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\" id=\"h-underground-magic\"><em>Podzemn\u00ed magie<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh4.googleusercontent.com\/YqJC5zQXg5pYEHVLGupRhaKoEIBHpkJzR_jXct6f6fhTwXaVEA0xfZK8czOhNqxHWysUS3jrqug-d4BZQFs1yq4XWf9ItaXYayullsBs8k3m6zZZVbKig2dc8sRnM0YKRiY4blTV\" alt=\"\" width=\"308\" height=\"308\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\"Zjeven\u00ed <\/em><strong><em>Wood Wide Web<\/em><\/strong><em>a lep\u0161\u00ed pochopen\u00ed jeho funkc\u00ed vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 velk\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky - kde za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed a kon\u010d\u00ed druhy, zda by nebylo lep\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edstavit si les jako jeden celek, kter\u00fd by se mohl rozr\u016fstat. <\/em><strong><em>superorganismus<\/em><\/strong><em>...a o tom, co m\u016f\u017ee znamenat obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed, sd\u00edlen\u00ed nebo dokonce p\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed mezi rostlinami.\"<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fantastick\u00e9 houby jsou <em>v\u0161ude<\/em>. Ale krom\u011b tripov\u00fdch po\u017eitk\u016f, jako je <strong>magick\u00e9 houby<\/strong> a <strong>lan\u00fd\u017ee<\/strong>, je ve h\u0159e je\u0161t\u011b jedno hlubok\u00e9 kouzlo. Tajemn\u00e9 - utkan\u00e9 z vl\u00e1ken mycelia - kter\u00e9 mohou skute\u010dn\u011b za\u017e\u00edt jen rostliny a houby. Jist\u011b, st\u00e1le existuje <em>spousta z\u00e1had<\/em> \u0159e\u0161it u mykorhizn\u00edch hub. Jedno je v\u0161ak jist\u00e9... Podzemn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b hub jsou...<strong> <\/strong>kl\u00ed\u010d k siln\u00e9mu r\u016fstu rostlin!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Po tis\u00edce let se m\u011blo za to, \u017ee lid\u00e9 jsou jedin\u00ed, kdo na Zemi um\u00ed mluvit. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b krom\u011b ps\u016f, pt\u00e1k\u016f a n\u011bkolika dal\u0161\u00edch zv\u00ed\u0159at, kter\u00e1 um\u00ed \"mluvit\". Kdy\u017e je v\u0161ak vylou\u010d\u00edme, v\u011bt\u0161ina ostatn\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed pod \u017ehnouc\u00edm sluncem tak slovn\u00ed nen\u00ed - ani je\u0161t\u011brky, ani obl\u00e1zky, ani diamanty nebo rostliny. Stromy tu prost\u011b jsou, v\u00edte? Ur\u010dit\u011b robustn\u00ed a majest\u00e1tn\u00ed, ale rozhodn\u011b ne \"upov\u00eddan\u00e9\".<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":22475,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[68],"tags":[],"topics":[],"class_list":["post-22713","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science-and-studies"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22713","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=22713"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22713\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":123645,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22713\/revisions\/123645"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/22475"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22713"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=22713"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=22713"},{"taxonomy":"topics","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topics?post=22713"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}