{"id":45240,"date":"2021-11-12T15:55:06","date_gmt":"2021-11-12T15:55:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/?p=19853"},"modified":"2023-05-10T09:54:48","modified_gmt":"2023-05-10T07:54:48","slug":"why-mushrooms-are-the-future-of-space-exploration-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/blog\/proc-jsou-houby-budoucnosti-vyzkumu-vesmiru-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Pro\u010d jsou houby budoucnost\u00ed v\u00fdzkumu vesm\u00edru?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Prob\u00edh\u00e1 tam udr\u017eiteln\u00fd v\u00fdzkum? Nebo jsou to jen miliard\u00e1\u0159i (a \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed legenda William Shatner<\/a>) <\/em>jezd\u00ed na v\u00fdlety do velk\u00e9ho nezn\u00e1ma?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>\n
(P\u0159es Unsplash)<\/em><\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159edstavujeme astromykologii<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

No - uk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee v\u011bdci skute\u010dn\u011b maj\u00ed<\/em> pracoval na p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b jak<\/em>a co je<\/em> a pro\u010d - <\/em>a NASA nyn\u00ed financuje malou v\u011bc, kterou naz\u00fdv\u00e1 \"astromykologie<\/em>'. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Astro? Mykologie?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jo! M\u00e1\u0161 to v jednom! Jsou to houby ve vesm\u00edru! A na mykologick\u00e9m poli tento podnik ne\u0159\u00edd\u00ed nikdo jin\u00fd ne\u017e houba\u0159sk\u00fd mistr. Paul Stamets<\/a>!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>\n
(Via Fungi Perfecti)<\/em><\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Pokud jste sami tak trochu houba\u0159i, mo\u017en\u00e1 zn\u00e1te kultovn\u00edho psychonauta. Terence McKenna<\/a> teorie, \u017ee houby ve skute\u010dnosti p\u0159i\u0161el <\/em>z vesm\u00edru. A\u010dkoli je to poutav\u00e9, zat\u00edm to nelze prok\u00e1zat. P\u0159ipravuje v\u0161ak p\u016fdu pro to, aby se na houby pohl\u00ed\u017eelo jako na n\u011bco. z tohoto sv\u011bta, <\/em>a hovo\u0159\u00ed o jejich t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nep\u0159irozen\u00e9 <\/em>p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed vlastnosti. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V \u010dem jsou tyto vlastnosti ide\u00e1ln\u00ed pro dal\u0161\u00ed rozvoj mo\u017enost\u00ed v\u00fdzkumu vesm\u00edru?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pro v\u00fd\u017eivu, bydlen\u00ed a nap\u00e1jen\u00ed na\u0161eho budouc\u00edho vesm\u00edrn\u00e9ho domova? V ned\u00e1vn\u00e9m rozhovoru Stamets prozradil v\u0161e...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed potravin ve vesm\u00edru<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pokud pl\u00e1nujete os\u00eddlit planetu nebo na n\u00ed alespo\u0148 z\u016fstat d\u00e9le ne\u017e jen na prodlou\u017een\u00fd v\u00edkend, budete pot\u0159ebovat udr\u017eiteln\u00fd zp\u016fsob produkce potravin. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nem\u016f\u017eete jen tak vysadit semena na povrch nehostinn\u00e9ho ter\u00e9nu. Tady p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed na \u0159adu houby. Stamets vysv\u011btluje;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"[Rostliny, kter\u00e9 podporuj\u00ed terraformaci] pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed miner\u00e1ly a spojen\u00ed hub s rostlinami a zbytky po lidech [zp\u016fsob\u00ed jejich] rozklad do formy, kter\u00e1 pak vytvo\u0159\u00ed bohatou p\u016fdu, je\u017e by mohla pomoci vytvo\u0159it potraviny, kter\u00e9 astronauti pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed. Je p\u0159ece mnohem jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed vz\u00edt jedno sem\u00ednko a vyp\u011bstovat si potravu ne\u017e vz\u00edt do vesm\u00edru tunu potravin, ne? <\/em><\/p><\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159\u00edroda je z hlediska u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9ho zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u011b efektivn\u00ed. Je mnohem lep\u0161\u00ed, kdy\u017e p\u0159\u00edroda vygeneruje n\u00e1klad potravin, ne\u017e kdy\u017e va\u0161e raketa vynese n\u00e1klad potravin.\"<\/em><\/p><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ur\u010dit\u011b to d\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed smysl ne\u017e balit do rakety mra\u017een\u00e9 pizzy za 10 let! <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>\n
(P\u0159es Unsplash)<\/em><\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Jednou ze z\u00e1sadn\u00edch nad\u011bj\u00ed tohoto procesu je, \u017ee houby budou schopny interagovat s prvky, kter\u00e9 se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed na planet\u00e1ch, je\u017e chceme terraformovat. Stamets vysv\u011btlil, jak v\u011bdci vytvo\u0159ili syntetickou verzi tzv. regolit<\/em> na jin\u00fdch planet\u00e1ch. Regolit je prach z asteroid\u016f. Uk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee hl\u00edva \u00fast\u0159i\u010dn\u00e1 ho um\u00ed dob\u0159e rozkl\u00e1dat. Je\u0161t\u011b lep\u0161\u00ed je to ve spojen\u00ed s dal\u0161\u00edmi druhy hub - stejn\u011b jako na Zemi je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 rozmanitost! Stamets popisuje tento proces:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"St\u00e1vaj\u00ed se zdrojem, kter\u00fd poskytuje vitam\u00edny a dal\u0161\u00ed miner\u00e1ly... kter\u00e9 mohou tyto houby poh\u00e1n\u011bt k je\u0161t\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00edmu r\u016fstu a n\u00e1sledn\u011b podporovat dal\u0161\u00ed rostliny, kter\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed v\u00edce celul\u00f3zy. A pak odum\u0159ou, rozlo\u017e\u00ed se a tyto \u010do\u010dky mycelia... se pak za\u010dnou rozr\u016fstat v\u00edc a v\u00edc... A jak se jejich spole\u010denstva st\u00e1vaj\u00ed rozmanit\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi a slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi, tyto \u010do\u010dky \u017eivota se pak za\u010dnou st\u00e1vat v\u011bt\u0161\u00edmi o\u00e1zami. A kdy\u017e je prost\u0159ed\u00ed o\u00e1zy dostate\u010dn\u011b velk\u00e9, m\u016f\u017ee u\u017eivit \u010dlov\u011bka.\"<\/em><\/p><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stavba ve vesm\u00edru<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed v\u011bc, kterou nem\u00e1te opravdu <\/em>chcete v raket\u011b vozit t\u011b\u017ek\u00fd stavebn\u00ed materi\u00e1l. No - \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed - i pro to existuje \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed ve tvaru houby! Uk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee jedna z na\u0161ich obl\u00edben\u00fdch superpotravinov\u00fdch hub by mohla b\u00fdt kl\u00ed\u010dem k p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed udr\u017eiteln\u00fdch stavebn\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f na jin\u00fdch planet\u00e1ch! T\u0159ikr\u00e1t hur\u00e1 pro reishi<\/a><\/strong> houby! Bylo to v\u0161ak jen t\u00edm. chance<\/strong> \u017ee byl objeven jako materi\u00e1l pro vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 architekty. Stamets n\u00e1m o tom vypr\u00e1v\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"P\u011bstujeme bloky reishi. Cht\u011bli jsme tyto bloky rozdrtit, abychom z nich ud\u011blali zeminu... Ale nemohli jsme je rozdrtit. Mohli jste je roz\u0159ezat pilov\u00fdm kotou\u010dem, ale kdy\u017e jste se do nich pokusili ude\u0159it kladivem nebo n\u011b\u010d\u00edm jin\u00fdm, prost\u011b se nerozbily. Tak n\u00e1m jeden skv\u011bl\u00fd in\u017een\u00fdr postavil hydraulick\u00fd lis na nerezovou ocel... a my jsme mu dali sv\u00e9 bloky reishi a on tu nerezovou ocel ohnul.<\/em><\/p><\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159i pokusu o kompresi se stroj skute\u010dn\u011b rozbil. Tahle v\u011bc drt\u00ed kameny cel\u00fd den a nedok\u00e1zala rozdrtit mycelium... Jsou tak struktur\u00e1ln\u011b siln\u00e9.\"<\/em><\/p><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nejen\u017ee houby reishi zamot\u00e1vaj\u00ed hlavu astromykolog\u016fm jako samorostouc\u00ed cihly, ale tak\u00e9 se jim da\u0159\u00ed. de jour<\/em>. V ruk\u00e1vu maj\u00ed i n\u011bkolik dal\u0161\u00edch trik\u016f. Stamets popisuje tepeln\u011b-izola\u010dn\u00ed vlastnosti blok\u016f z reishi takto \"fenomen\u00e1ln\u00ed\". <\/em>Domn\u00edv\u00e1 se tak\u00e9, \u017ee d\u00edky vysok\u00e9mu obsahu uhl\u00edku by se tyto myceli\u00e1ln\u00ed bloky reishi daly pou\u017e\u00edt jako baterie nebo sol\u00e1rn\u00ed panely.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"...pak by v\u00e1s mohly nejen izolovat od chladu na povrchu Marsu nebo asteroidu, ale samotn\u00fd d\u016fm by se stal ob\u0159\u00ed bateri\u00ed pro energii, proto\u017ee jsou tak bohat\u00e9 na uhl\u00edkov\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna. Tak\u017ee to je podle m\u011b opravdu skv\u011bl\u00e9.\"<\/em><\/p><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Velmi, velmi, opravdu skv\u011bl\u00e9, Paule!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdlety do vesm\u00edru<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nakonec Stamets uvedl n\u011bkolik psychedelick\u00e9<\/em> my\u0161lenky pro vesm\u00edr. Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd je samoz\u0159ejm\u011b potenci\u00e1l pro udr\u017een\u00ed lidsk\u00e9ho \u017eivota ve vesm\u00edru, ale kvalita <\/em>tohoto \u017eivota je stejn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd. Dokonce i pro vycvi\u010den\u00e9 astronauty m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt skute\u010dn\u00e1 realita intenzivn\u00edho psychick\u00e9ho vyp\u011bt\u00ed - strach, nuda, osam\u011blost - zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 pobytem ve vesm\u00edru zdrcuj\u00edc\u00ed. Stamets se domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee psilocybinov\u00e9 houby, kter\u00e9 jsou kone\u010dn\u011b uzn\u00e1v\u00e1ny pro svou l\u00e9\u010div\u00e9 vlastnosti<\/a> na Zemi, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt z\u00e1sadn\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dbou i pro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou vyvr\u017eeni do hlubok\u00e9ho, temn\u00e9ho vesm\u00edru. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Mysl\u00edte si, \u017ee astronauti budou trp\u011bt osam\u011blost\u00ed, depresemi a posttraumatickou stresovou poruchou? Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee ano. Jak jim chcete pomoci?<\/em><\/p><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pokud si na\u0161i astronauti budou moci za pe\u010dliv\u011b kontrolovan\u00fdch podm\u00ednek vz\u00edt psilocybin ve vesm\u00edru, d\u00edvat se na vesm\u00edr a nebudou se c\u00edtit vzd\u00e1len\u00ed a osam\u011bl\u00ed, ale budou m\u00edt pocit, \u017ee jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed tohoto obrovsk\u00e9ho v\u011bdom\u00ed, bude to pro n\u011b lep\u0161\u00ed psychologick\u00e9 a emocion\u00e1ln\u00ed rozpolo\u017een\u00ed... M\u00e1m pocit, \u017ee izolace, osam\u011blost a deprese budou hlavn\u00edmi probl\u00e9my, kter\u00fdm budou astronauti \u010delit.\"<\/em><\/p><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>\n
(P\u0159es Unsplash)<\/em><\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Zaprv\u00e9, jak \u00fa\u017easn\u00e9 by bylo cestovat ve vesm\u00edru?! A za druh\u00e9, stejn\u011b jako lidem na Zemi by magick\u00e9 houbi\u010dky mohly astronaut\u016fm pomoci b\u00fdt co nejlep\u0161\u00ed. A pro\u010d neobydlet hv\u011bzdy t\u011bmi, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou obohaceni tv\u016fr\u010d\u00ed, velkorysou a pe\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed energi\u00ed, kterou psilocybin d\u00e1v\u00e1? <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stamets uva\u017euje:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"...lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou kreativn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed s v\u00edce \u0159e\u0161en\u00edmi. Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee to je v jist\u00e9m smyslu plodn\u00fd ekosyst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k udr\u017eitelnosti lid\u00ed ve vesm\u00edru.\"<\/em><\/p><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohla by to b\u00fdt budoucnost? P\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed potravin z myceliov\u00e9 p\u016fdy, bydlen\u00ed v dom\u011b z houbov\u00fdch cihel, nap\u00e1jen\u00ed houbov\u00fdmi bateriemi, my\u0161lenky poh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 houbovou kreativitou - na MARSU? <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>\n
(P\u0159es Unsplash)<\/em><\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Zn\u00ed to dost \u0161\u00edlen\u011b na to, aby to byla pravda!<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V hlubok\u00e9m, nekone\u010dn\u00e9m vesm\u00edru je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 si p\u0159edstavit, \u017ee by n\u011bco rostlo. Jist\u011b, vid\u011bli jsme sci-fi filmy a \u010detli o kolonizaci Marsu lidmi, ale ve skute\u010dnosti to vypad\u00e1 trochu jako futuristick\u00e1 poh\u00e1dka.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":19940,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[69],"tags":[],"topics":[],"class_list":["post-45240","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-psychedelic-culture"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45240","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=45240"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45240\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":123403,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45240\/revisions\/123403"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19940"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=45240"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=45240"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=45240"},{"taxonomy":"topics","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topics?post=45240"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}