{"id":64916,"date":"2022-06-14T17:48:29","date_gmt":"2022-06-14T15:48:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/?p=64916"},"modified":"2023-05-09T11:03:55","modified_gmt":"2023-05-09T09:03:55","slug":"how-psychedelics-affect-your-perception-of-time","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/blog\/jak-psychedelika-ovlivnuji-vnimani-casu\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak psychedelika ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dasu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kdy\u017e Alenka vpadne do \u0158\u00ed\u0161e div\u016f, \u010das se oh\u00fdb\u00e1 a b\u011b\u017e\u00ed kolem, zosobn\u011bn\u00fd jako trickster. Kdy\u017e se Max vr\u00e1t\u00ed z bou\u0159liv\u00fdch dobrodru\u017estv\u00ed v knize Kde jsou divo\u010diny, zjist\u00ed, \u017ee ve\u010de\u0159e, kterou mu nechala matka, je je\u0161t\u011b tepl\u00e1. T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd \u010das neuplynul, a p\u0159esto se zm\u011bnil. Vid\u011bli a za\u017eili kouzlo.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
\u0158\u00ed\u0161e div\u016f (p\u0159es Wikimedia Commons)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Psychedelika a \u010das<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Psychedelick\u00e9 tripy jsou na tom podobn\u011b. Psychonauts<\/a> uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed, \u017ee kdy\u017e jsou na tripu, \u010das se jakoby natahuje, ztr\u00e1c\u00ed se, p\u0159est\u00e1v\u00e1 znamenat. <\/span>cokoli <\/span><\/i>opravdu. Mnoho lid\u00ed za\u017eije psychick\u00e9 z\u00e1\u017eitky, kter\u00e9 jim zm\u011bn\u00ed \u017eivot - uv\u011bdom\u011bn\u00ed, zm\u011bny vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed, okam\u017eiky jasnosti a klidu - a kter\u00e9 nav\u017edy zm\u011bn\u00ed jejich \u017eivot v nepsychedelick\u00e9 rovin\u011b. Tento druh du\u0161evn\u00edho dobrodru\u017estv\u00ed a r\u016fstu m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt tak v\u0161eobj\u00edmaj\u00edc\u00ed, \u017ee m\u00e1te pocit, jako byste byli \"pry\u010d\" cel\u00e9 v\u011bky<\/span>. Zjist\u00edte v\u0161ak, \u017ee m\u00e1 <\/span>opravdu je to jen p\u00e1r hodin. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
(Foto: Elena Koycheva on Unsplash<\/em>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u010cas let\u00ed, kdy\u017e se bav\u00edte<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dasu je hluboce spjato s na\u0161\u00edm v\u011bdom\u00edm. P\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lejte o tom - c\u00edt\u00edte ho den co den. Od sledov\u00e1n\u00ed hodin, kter\u00e9 pomalu odkap\u00e1vaj\u00ed minuty b\u011bhem nudn\u00e9 p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ky, a\u017e po uv\u011bdom\u011bn\u00ed si, \u017ee ub\u011bhly hodiny, kdy\u017e doh\u00e1n\u00edte \u010das s p\u0159\u00e1teli - v\u0161e z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na tom, na co se soust\u0159ed\u00edme a jak\u00fd to m\u00e1 k n\u00e1m vztah. \"\u010cas let\u00ed, kdy\u017e se bav\u00edte\". <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1had v\u011bdom\u00ed <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Psychedelika se rychle st\u00e1vaj\u00ed obl\u00edben\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem v\u011bdc\u016f a psycholog\u016f p\u0159i zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed fungov\u00e1n\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 mysli. S nimi ve sk\u0159\u00ed\u0148ce jsme bl\u00ed\u017ee ne\u017e kdy jindy k pochopen\u00ed z\u00e1had v\u011bdom\u00ed. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kdy\u017e \u010dlov\u011bk za\u017eije smrt ega<\/a> nebo osv\u00edcen\u00ed z psychedelik jsou do\u010dasn\u011b osvobozeni od \"j\u00e1\". Jsou osvobozeni od sv\u00fdch nejistot a v\u0161edn\u00edch starost\u00ed a mohou vid\u011bt \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed obraz. Pokud je na\u0161e vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dasu tak sv\u00e1z\u00e1no s na\u0161\u00edm vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00edm sebe sama, d\u00e1v\u00e1 naprost\u00fd smysl, \u017ee kdy\u017e se na\u0161e \"j\u00e1\" nebo <\/span>ego <\/span><\/i>se st\u00e1v\u00e1 m\u00e9n\u011b dominantn\u00edm, m\u011bn\u00ed se i n\u00e1\u0161 smysl pro \u010das. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Je v\u0161ak pochopiteln\u00e9, \u017ee tento druh t\u00e9matu je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 studovat nebo pro n\u011bj naj\u00edt p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u00e9 d\u016fkazy. Jist\u011b, existuje spousta anekdotick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f, ale v\u011bdci <\/span>jsou <\/span><\/i>a sna\u017eil se ho je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce p\u0159itla\u010dit. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
p\u0159es Pixabay<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

V pades\u00e1t\u00fdch a \u0161edes\u00e1t\u00fdch letech, kdy byla psychedelika leg\u00e1ln\u00ed a intenzivn\u011b studovan\u00e1, se v\u011bdci za\u010dali t\u00edmto fenom\u00e9nem zab\u00fdvat. Studie, <\/span>Klinick\u00e9 studie diethylamidu kyseliny lysergov\u00e9<\/a><\/span><\/i> publikovan\u00e1 v roce 1954, zjistila, \u017ee z 23 dobrovoln\u00edk\u016f, kter\u00fdm bylo pod\u00e1no LSD, se u 13 z nich vyskytla \"porucha \u010dasu\". A\u010dkoli n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed m\u011bli pocit, \u017ee se \u010das nekone\u010dn\u011b protahuje, a jin\u00ed m\u011bli pocit, \u017ee jim ub\u00edh\u00e1 rychl\u00fdm tempem, v\u011bt\u0161ina z nich poci\u0165ovala \"\u010dasovou izolovanost\". To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee m\u011bli pocit, jako by pln\u011b existovali v p\u0159\u00edtomnosti, vzd\u00e1leni od minulosti i budoucnosti. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u011bda o vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dasu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 dob\u011b, kdy se rozjela sou\u010dasn\u00e1 vlna psychedelick\u00fdch studi\u00ed, se toto t\u00e9ma znovu objevilo. V roce 2018 se Devin Terhune, kognitivn\u00ed neurov\u011bdec, stal spoluautorem publikace studium<\/a> o \u00fa\u010dinc\u00edch mikrod\u00e1vky LSD na vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dasu. S\u00e1m Terhune byl dlouho fascinov\u00e1n t\u00edm, jak mohou neurochemick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky zkreslit na\u0161e vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dasu a jak\u00e9 mechanismy k tomu pot\u0159ebujeme. Nov\u00fd v\u00fdzkum uk\u00e1zal, kter\u00e9 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed mozkov\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy a receptory psychedelika ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed. Pokud tyto <\/span>tot\u00e9\u017e<\/b> psychedelika mohou zm\u011bnit vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dasu, pak z toho vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee na\u0161e vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dasu m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 regulov\u00e1no t\u011bmito l\u00e1tkami. <\/span>tot\u00e9\u017e <\/b>cesty a chemick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky... <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vzru\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed v\u011bci!<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Studie mikrod\u00e1vek LSD<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Studie Terhune a spol., publikovan\u00e1 v \u010dasopise <\/span>Psychofarmakologie <\/span><\/i>se skl\u00e1dala ze 48 \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f rozd\u011blen\u00fdch do \u010dty\u0159 skupin. Studie byla dvojit\u011b zaslepen\u00e1, randomizovan\u00e1 a kontrolovan\u00e1 placebem, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e jedna ze \u010dty\u0159 skupin byla placebov\u00e1. Zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed t\u0159i skupiny dost\u00e1valy n\u00edzk\u00e9 d\u00e1vky LSD - 5,10 nebo 20 mikrogram\u016f. Pot\u00e9 m\u011bli za \u00fakol prov\u00e9st \"\u010dasovou reprodukci\". Ten spo\u010d\u00edval v tom, \u017ee dobrovoln\u00edk\u016fm byl po ur\u010ditou dobu na obrazovce zobrazov\u00e1n modr\u00fd kruh. Pot\u00e9 m\u011bli za \u00fakol obnovit, jak dlouho se domn\u00edvali, \u017ee je na obrazovce, a to stisknut\u00edm tla\u010d\u00edtka na stejnou dobu. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Foto: Ben Sweet on Unsplash<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Terhune \u0159ekl serveru Vice.com;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Tak\u017ee tento modr\u00fd kruh by se na obrazovce objevil nap\u0159\u00edklad na 1 200 milisekund nebo 1 600 milisekund, a\u0165 u\u017e by to bylo cokoli. \u00da\u010dastn\u00edk se na to musel soust\u0159edit, odhadnout a zapamatovat si tuto dobu trv\u00e1n\u00ed.\"<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u011bdci zjistili, \u017ee skupiny, kter\u00fdm bylo pod\u00e1no LSD, dr\u017eely tla\u010d\u00edtko stisknut\u00e9 podstatn\u011b d\u00e9le. V podstat\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u011b nadhodnocovaly dobu, po kterou byl modr\u00fd kruh na obrazovce. K tomuto d\u016fsledku do\u0161lo nez\u00e1visle na psychedelick\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dinc\u00edch. Koneckonc\u016f \u0161lo o studii \"mikrod\u00e1vek\". N\u011bkolik dobrovoln\u00edk\u016f poc\u00edtilo m\u00edrn\u00e9 zm\u011bny, ale ne natolik, aby to ovlivnilo statistiku studie. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159esto\u017ee v\u00fdsledky byly skute\u010dn\u011b zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, Terhune a jeho spolupracovn\u00edci je\u0161t\u011b mus\u00ed p\u0159esn\u011b ur\u010dit, co znamenaj\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Za prv\u00e9 - v jak\u00e9m okam\u017eiku do\u0161lo ke zm\u011bn\u011b vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dasu? Bylo to p\u0159i sledov\u00e1n\u00ed modr\u00e9ho kruhu? Nebo to bylo p\u0159i stisknut\u00ed tla\u010d\u00edtka? <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdsledky nazna\u010duj\u00ed sm\u011bs faktor\u016f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Manoj Doss, kter\u00fd s\u00e1m na studii nepracoval, ale je postdoktorandem kognitivn\u00ed neuropsychofarmakologie, se domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee by mohlo j\u00edt o sm\u011bs faktor\u016f. Pro server Vice.com uvedl: \"Doss je p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o r\u016fzn\u00e9 varianty;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"P\u0159edstavte si, \u017ee jste si mysleli, \u017ee po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed interval v\u00e1m p\u0159ipadal jako 3 sekundy (a skute\u010dn\u011b tomu tak bylo). P\u0159i jeho reprodukci za stavu, kdy v\u00e1m \u010das p\u0159ipad\u00e1 dvakr\u00e1t del\u0161\u00ed, byste si mysleli, \u017ee uplynuly 3 sekundy, zat\u00edmco ve skute\u010dnosti uplynulo jen 1,5 sekundy. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci jejich studie mohli interval zak\u00f3dovat zcela norm\u00e1ln\u00edm zp\u016fsobem, ale m\u011bli pocit, \u017ee se \u010das b\u011bhem reprodukce intervalu \"zrychlil\", co\u017e vedlo k del\u0161\u00edmu odhadu. Domn\u00edv\u00e1m se, \u017ee ve h\u0159e jsou oba efekty.\"<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Foto: Aron Visuals on Unsplash<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u010cas - je to kluzk\u00e9! S jistotou v\u0161ak v\u00edme, \u017ee psychedelika <\/span>do <\/span><\/i>maj\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek. Jen to, jak a pro\u010d, je st\u00e1le trochu mlhav\u00e9. Ale s pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00edm v\u00fdzkumem se to jist\u011b vyjasn\u00ed! <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Psilocybin zp\u016fsobuje opa\u010dn\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Aby v\u0161ak byla voda je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce zakalena, podobn\u00fd probl\u00e9m se t\u00fdk\u00e1 i studium<\/a> z roku 2007, tentokr\u00e1t s pou\u017eit\u00edm psilocybinu <\/span>(z magick\u00fdch hub a lan\u00fd\u017e\u016f) <\/span><\/i>zjistil, \u017ee l\u00e9k zp\u016fsobil <\/span>nedostate\u010dn\u00e1 produkce, <\/span><\/i>opak studie LSD. To znamenalo, \u017ee \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci podcenili dobu, kterou m\u011bli na reprodukci \u00fakolu. Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee to zjistily i dal\u0161\u00ed psilocybinov\u00e9 studie. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 je, \u017ee a\u010dkoli jsou psilocybin a LSD pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za relativn\u011b podobn\u00e9 drogy z hlediska \u00fa\u010dinku, ve studi\u00edch se zd\u00e1lo, \u017ee zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed opa\u010dn\u00e9 \u010dasov\u011b percep\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky. Znovu Manoj Doss;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pokud m\u00e1te dva l\u00e9ky, kter\u00e9 v podstat\u011b d\u011blaj\u00ed v mozku velmi podobn\u00e9 v\u011bci, a jeden z nich d\u011bl\u00e1 prav\u00fd opak, m\u00e1 zcela opa\u010dn\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek, je to \u00fa\u017easn\u00e9.\"<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
(p\u0159es Pixabay)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Podle jedn\u00e9 z teori\u00ed by LSD mohlo m\u00edt na mozek \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed spektrum \u00fa\u010dink\u016f. Psilocybin i LSD ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed serotoninov\u00e9 receptory. LSD v\u0161ak p\u016fsob\u00ed tak\u00e9 na dopaminov\u00e9 receptory. To by mohlo znamenat, \u017ee serotonin a dopamin jsou kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdmi prvky na\u0161eho vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dasu, ale potenci\u00e1ln\u011b protich\u016fdn\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chceme-li d\u00e1le odhalovat tajemstv\u00ed mysli a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b i samotn\u00e9ho v\u011bdom\u00ed, je t\u0159eba psilocybin i LSD d\u00e1le studovat. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kdy\u017e v\u011bda doh\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V\u017edy je fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed, kdy\u017e v\u011bda doh\u00e1n\u00ed to, co je zku\u0161enostn\u011b a anekdoticky zn\u00e1mo ji\u017e velmi dlouho. Ti, kte\u0159\u00ed absolvovali psychedelick\u00fd trip, pro\u017eili cel\u00fd \u017eivot a za\u017eili zjeven\u00ed b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika hodin, v\u00e1m to potvrd\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V kultu\u0159e, kde m\u00e1me pocit, \u017ee nikdy nem\u00e1me dost \u010dasu, n\u00e1m psychedelika, jako jsou magick\u00e9 houby, mohou pomoci b\u00fdt pln\u011b p\u0159\u00edtomni v dan\u00e9m okam\u017eiku - i kdy\u017e je tento okam\u017eik v\u00ed\u0159\u00edc\u00ed duchovn\u00ed viz\u00ed. Tato v\u011b\u010dnost, kter\u00e1 existuje v r\u00e1mci houbov\u00e9ho tripu, je v na\u0161\u00ed mysli skute\u010dn\u00e1. T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem psychedelika <\/span>do <\/span><\/i>d\u00e1t n\u00e1m \u010das nav\u00edc. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
(Foto: Thomas Bormans on Unsplash<\/em>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trippy, huh! U\u017e jste za\u017eili psychedelick\u00fd \u010dasov\u00fd posun? Dejte n\u00e1m v\u011bd\u011bt v koment\u00e1\u0159\u00edch n\u00ed\u017ee!<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V poh\u00e1dkov\u00fdch zem\u00edch d\u011btsk\u00fdch knih plyne \u010das zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edmi a neobvykl\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby. D\u011bti z knihy Lev, hl\u00eddka a sk\u0159\u00ed\u0148 sv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed dlouhou bitvu s B\u00edlou \u010darod\u011bjnic\u00ed, dosp\u00edvaj\u00ed, vl\u00e1dnou sv\u00fdm vlastn\u00edm kr\u00e1lovstv\u00edm a \u017eij\u00ed plnohodnotn\u00fd \u017eivot - kdy\u017e se v\u0161ak pot\u00e1c\u00ed zp\u011bt sk\u0159\u00edn\u00ed, ub\u011bhnou pouh\u00e9 minuty.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":64935,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[88],"tags":[],"topics":[],"class_list":["post-64916","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-psychedelic-studies"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64916","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=64916"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64916\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":123153,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64916\/revisions\/123153"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/64935"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=64916"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=64916"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=64916"},{"taxonomy":"topics","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topics?post=64916"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}