{"id":22713,"date":"2021-06-09T12:59:50","date_gmt":"2021-06-09T12:59:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/?p=18522"},"modified":"2023-05-11T09:17:31","modified_gmt":"2023-05-11T07:17:31","slug":"how-mushrooms-help-plants-talk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/et\/blog\/kuidas-seened-abiks-taimed-jutustavad\/","title":{"rendered":"Kuidas seened aitavad taimedel r\u00e4\u00e4kida"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00f5i on nad seda?&nbsp; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hiljutises \u00dchendkuningriigi <strong>uuring<\/strong>, leidsid teadlased, et looduses on taimed oma juurte kaudu \u00fchendatud <strong>seente v\u00f5rgustikud<\/strong>. Need keerulised v\u00f5rgud, mida nimetatakse <strong>m\u00fckoriisa<\/strong>, v\u00f5ib kulgeda kilomeetrite kaupa maa all - v\u00f5imaldades taimedel omavahel virtuaalselt suhelda. <em>\"taim Internet\"<\/em>. Siin on avastus, mis v\u00f5ib muuta teie maailmapilti igaveseks!&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-pale-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\" id=\"h-plant-internet\"><em>\"Plant Internet\" <\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/hNMH1rHToFuq45hdQO6mEGGsTku-1U5oKX2wUY87wUnpUBhGoxW68BXUqEsB-pPNpa-h4qyeMLtReewoHvRxuXz1qtV1G37REwYGsCubCyME2M9XZxeRhnmZI9Lb55tVYLc60i3u\" alt=\"\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-amber-color\">Esialgne \"fiiberoptiline internet\". (Foto viisakalt: DW)&nbsp;<\/span><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>M\u00fckoriisa<\/strong> on seeneliik, mis kleepub taimede juurte k\u00fclge. <em>(kreeka keeles t\u00e4hendab mykos seent ja riza juurt)<\/em>. Kasvades teiste taimede juurte k\u00fclge siidiseid \"harusid\", moodustab seen keerulise v\u00f5rgustiku. See v\u00f5ib h\u00f5lmata <em>k\u00fcmneid<\/em> meetrit keskmiselt. Ja kui te vaatate \u00fchte neist l\u00e4hemalt, siis n\u00e4eb see v\u00e4lja nagu p\u00e4rg, nagu m\u00fctseel sageli teebki. Kindlasti tuttav vaatepilt, kui te <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/et\/webshop\/MAGIC-MUSHROOM-GROW-KITS-c2086070\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">kasvatada omaenda maagilisi seeni<\/a><\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kuidas t\u00e4pselt saavad taimed siis nende juurestiku seente kaudu r\u00e4\u00e4kida? Teadlased teadusasutusest <strong>Aberdeeni \u00dclikool<\/strong> loonud testi, et seda v\u00e4lja selgitada! Klassikalises eksperimendis kasvatasid nad kaks komplekti aeduba taimi. \u00dchel komplektil lubati kasvatada v\u00f5rseid seeni. Teine komplekt ei saanud. Varred, oksad ja lehed olid samuti kottidega kaetud, et v\u00e4ltida keemilisi signaale <em>(mis v\u00f5ib levida \u00f5hu kaudu)<\/em>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Seej\u00e4rel vabastasid teadlased <strong>lestad<\/strong> <em>(tigedad mahla imevad putukad)<\/em> m\u00f5nedele taimedele, et n\u00e4ha, kas nad suudaksid <em>\"hoiatada\"<\/em> teised \u00f5igeaegselt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-pale-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\" id=\"h-early-warning-system\"><em> Varajase hoiatamise s\u00fcsteem <\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh6.googleusercontent.com\/8k53vhS2Jm0yZ1DOmb3CkHTeJUO0tIjXYAxfvp7UZcpjnLreWkYdpucbX8NDqpucBhYF9ES0nt9HRT7pPpLBTlpF3-E_pAfrekF0whB6VYs2Myw1U8auej4CjgvFlCU_zxu554OS\" alt=\"\" width=\"528\" height=\"533\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><mark class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-amber-color\">Kirvade poolt nakatunud taimed \"hoiatavad\" teisi taimi, kasutades seenev\u00f5rgustikke. (Foto: Ecology Letters)<\/mark><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kas teadsite, et oataimed v\u00f5ivad ohu korral kemikaale v\u00e4lja pritsida? Need \"antiafiidi\" toksiinid meelitavad ligi ka <strong>herilased<\/strong>, kahjurite loomulikud kiskjad. Kaitse toimib ainult siis, kui kahjuriga nakatunud taimed suudavad teisi \u00f5igeaegselt hoiatada - ja siinkohal astubki appi seenev\u00f5rgustik.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <em>esimene komplekt<\/em> oataimedest <em>(mis olid seente v\u00f5rgustikud) <\/em>suutsid valmistuda eelseisvateks kirvadeks. <em>teine komplekt<\/em> <em>(kus oli null seeneniitide v\u00f5rgustikku)<\/em> polnud aimugi, et kahjurid tulevad. Neil ei olnud <strong>varajase hoiatamise s\u00fcsteem<\/strong>... nii et nende oad olid \u00e4ra n\u00e4ritud.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-pale-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\" id=\"h-wood-wide-web\"><em>Wood Wide Web <\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh5.googleusercontent.com\/D9URYP9Xb8o-6alIvbyhFlEZbo_FKTAt49dfzVOzXBxcxj_ekhEFmsm8x52eQFeKYSaDCTnZXbq9e4vV5hfX16nktLMHpA1A5wWcHQUGuhkTdRBdjsqYQYUQOaulhPYIZysHT5fC\" alt=\"\" width=\"695\" height=\"409\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-amber-color\">Jules Bartli kunstiteos<\/span><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Uskumatu j\u00f5ud seente v\u00f5rkude minna <em>v\u00e4ljaspool<\/em> oataimed. Uskuge v\u00f5i mitte, m\u00fckoriisaseened \u00fchendavad <strong>90% k\u00f5ikidest maismaataimedest<\/strong>! Vanemad puud saadavad suhkruid \"beebipuudele\"... Surevad puud v\u00f5ivad anda allesj\u00e4\u00e4nud toitaineid edasi teistele kasutamiseks... Ja muidugi saadetakse varajasi hoiatusi \u00fclej\u00e4\u00e4nud metsale... <em>(putukate katku korral)<\/em>. K\u00f5ik t\u00e4nu seenev\u00f5rgustikele!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\"Nende m\u00fckoriisaseente ja nende \u00fchendatavate taimede vaheline suhe on n\u00fc\u00fcdseks teadaolevalt<\/em><strong><em> <\/em><\/strong><em>iidne (umbes nelisada viisk\u00fcmmend miljonit aastat vana)... a... <\/em><strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Symbiosis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">s\u00fcmbioos <\/a><\/em><\/strong><em>kus m\u00f5lemad organismid saavad [teineteisest] kasu.\" <\/em>- alates <strong>New Yorker<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Seened imavad puudest toitu, n\u00e4iteks s\u00fcsivesikuterikast suhkrut, mida nad toodavad p\u00e4ikesevalgusest. Kasutades spetsiaalseid ens\u00fc\u00fcme, mida puudel ei ole, v\u00f5tavad seened <strong>fosfor<\/strong>, <strong>l\u00e4mmastik<\/strong>ja <strong>raud<\/strong> mullast - ja <em>aktsiad<\/em> neid koos oma lehtede peremeestega. Kuidas? Selgub, et seenev\u00f5rgustikud suudavad toitaineid ja vett paremini vastu v\u00f5tta kui taimede juured ise! H\u00e4mmastav, kas pole?&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-pale-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\" id=\"h-nature-s-recycling\"><em> Looduse ringlussev\u00f5tt <\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/c3ogALnczuKzb4MRFvpcuAvrxK3eY2b6eymZrTqeS1WUkGvIhpSVMjgawBKJjhFXpMfkrzSTFPnzfIthElWGBD4yROUBvUiB6boJreEu4AAlFNy_ytEG9jCMI5EGprKKjDDTpwQ4\" alt=\"\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-amber-color\">Seened toimivad \"lagundajatena\", lagundades toitaineid, muutes mulla \u00fclirikkaks ja viljakaks. (Foto viisakalt: Groasis Waterboxx)<\/span><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Seened m\u00e4ngivad suurt rolli <strong>lagundajad<\/strong> enamikus maismaa \u00f6kos\u00fcsteemides. Toitudes lagunevast puidust, annavad seened mullale toitaineid tagasi. Need \"j\u00e4\u00e4tmed\" on taimedele toiduks - see muudab pinnase rikkalikuks ja viljakaks. Samuti v\u00f5ivad seened <a href=\"https:\/\/www.resilience.org\/stories\/2019-04-08\/mushrooms-clean-up-our-toxic-messes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>puhastada naftaj\u00e4\u00e4tmeid<\/strong> <\/a> vastikelt \u00f5lireostustelt ja lagundavad isegi m\u00fcrgist kloori! M\u00fckoloogi s\u00f5nul <strong>Paul Stamets<\/strong>, seened <em>on<\/em> looduse ringlussev\u00f5tu s\u00fcsteem:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh5.googleusercontent.com\/mPhhIp-EMCOGzp5waZ8Ia1rem6izPlLYym2QSTTqb1vBzwtEq-CU1NzQmviik8AYB3qNcsQuMNmvRmq1WPMcvQg75sGTsggNvSO_vLfzGLq7S2teo04Z373zhlC9zcQkiESJY6G6\" alt=\"\" width=\"443\" height=\"333\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-amber-color\">Paul Stamets hoiab k\u00e4es Agarikoni seent.<\/span><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\"Seened on planeedi suured taaskasutajad ja elupaikade taastamise eesrindlikud liigid.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\"Surnud taimsest ainest kuni nematoodide ja bakteriteni - \u00e4rge kunagi alahinnake seente nutikust leida uut toitu!\"<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00e4nap\u00e4eval on v\u00e4ga keeruline seenev\u00f5rgustikke m\u00e4rgata. Nende elluj\u00e4\u00e4miseks ei tohi pinnas olla r\u00fcpes. <strong>Inimese tegevus,<\/strong> nagu mullaharimine ja p\u00f5lluharimine, v\u00f5ivad h\u00e4vitada m\u00fckoriisa (<em>Kas olete kunagi m\u00f5elnud, miks linnafarmides ei kasva seenev\u00f5rgustikud? N\u00fc\u00fcd sa tead!)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-pale-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\" id=\"h-underground-magic\"><em>Maa-alune maagia<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh4.googleusercontent.com\/YqJC5zQXg5pYEHVLGupRhaKoEIBHpkJzR_jXct6f6fhTwXaVEA0xfZK8czOhNqxHWysUS3jrqug-d4BZQFs1yq4XWf9ItaXYayullsBs8k3m6zZZVbKig2dc8sRnM0YKRiY4blTV\" alt=\"\" width=\"308\" height=\"308\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\"Ilmutus <\/em><strong><em>Wood Wide Web<\/em><\/strong><em>olemasolu ja suurenenud arusaam selle funktsioonidest t\u00f5statab suuri k\u00fcsimusi - selle kohta, kus algab ja kus l\u00f5peb liik; selle kohta, kas metsa v\u00f5iks paremini ette kujutada \u00fcheainsa <\/em><strong><em>superorganism<\/em><\/strong><em>...ja sellest, mida v\u00f5ib t\u00e4hendada taimede vaheline kauplemine, jagamine v\u00f5i isegi s\u00f5prus.\"<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fantastilised seened on <em>k\u00f5ikjal<\/em>. Aga lisaks trippy v\u00f5lusid nagu <strong>maagilised seened<\/strong> ja <strong>tr\u00fchvlid<\/strong>, on m\u00e4ngus veel \u00fcks s\u00fcgav maagia. See on salajane, m\u00fctseeli niitidest p\u00f5imitud v\u00f5lu, mida ainult taimed ja seened saavad t\u00f5eliselt kogeda. Muidugi, seal on veel <em>palju salap\u00e4ra<\/em> lahendada m\u00fckoriisaseente. Aga \u00fcks asi on kindel... Maa-alused seenev\u00f5rgustikud on<strong> <\/strong>taimede j\u00f5ulise kasvu v\u00f5ti!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>For thousands of years, humans were thought to be the only ones who could talk on planet Earth. Apart from dogs, birds, and a few other critters, of course, which can \u201ctalk\u201d in a manner of speaking. But excluding them, most other things under the blazing sun aren&#8217;t so verbal \u2014 not lizards, nor pebbles, nor diamonds or plants. Trees are simply there, y\u2019know? Sturdy and majestic for sure, but certainly not &#8216;chatty&#8217;.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":22475,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[68],"tags":[],"topics":[],"class_list":["post-22713","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science-and-studies"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22713","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=22713"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22713\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":123645,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22713\/revisions\/123645"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/22475"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22713"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=22713"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=22713"},{"taxonomy":"topics","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topics?post=22713"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}