{"id":16369,"date":"2020-12-08T15:51:59","date_gmt":"2020-12-08T15:51:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/?p=16369"},"modified":"2023-11-02T15:00:47","modified_gmt":"2023-11-02T14:00:47","slug":"earliest-evidence-of-human-psychedelic-use-in-california","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/ro\/blog\/earliest-evidence-of-human-psychedelic-use-in-california\/","title":{"rendered":"Cea mai veche dovad\u0103 a consumului de psihedelice de c\u0103tre oameni a fost g\u0103sit\u0103 \u00eentr-o pe\u0219ter\u0103 din California"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mii de ani mai t\u00e2rziu, cercet\u0103torii ar putea avea <strong>a descifrat misterul<\/strong>. Ro\u0219u <em>\"pinwheel\"<\/em> a fost atribuit\u0103 florii psihedelice, <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Datura_wrightii\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Datura wrightii<\/a><\/strong>, cunoscut pentru utilizarea sa \u00een cadrul ceremonialului de c\u0103tre poporul Chumash.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Molia poate fi un <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fs.fed.us\/wildflowers\/pollinators\/pollinator-of-the-month\/hawk_moths.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"broken_link\"><strong>falc\u0103 de \u0219oim<\/strong> <\/a>care a sorbit nectarul de Datura, \u0219i astfel a avut un zbor beat, ca un dans.<em> <\/em>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mai multe dovezi ale utiliz\u0103rii antice a psihedelicilor sunt lipite pe tavanele pe\u0219terilor, sub forma unor <strong>quids<\/strong>, sau buc\u0103\u021bi de droguri mestecate vechi de 400 de ani. Acestea con\u021bin <strong>scopolamin\u0103<\/strong> \u0219i <strong>atropin\u0103<\/strong>, substan\u021bele chimice halucinante din Datura. Studiul mai arat\u0103 c\u0103:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\"...pictogramele nu erau probabil autoportrete ale \u0219amanilor \u00een trans\u0103, ci, \u00een schimb, imagini iconografice de baz\u0103 care se inspirau din mitologie...\"<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aceasta este prima dovad\u0103 a consumului de halucinogene de c\u0103tre oameni \u00eentr-o pe\u0219ter\u0103 preistoric\u0103. Dar de ce s-au concentrat primii no\u0219tri psihonaut pe Datura? Poate c\u0103 floarea era venerat\u0103?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"709\" height=\"408\" src=\"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/datura-flower-pinwheel-cave.jpeg\" alt=\"desen de pe\u0219ter\u0103 ro\u0219ie l\u00e2ng\u0103 o fotografie de datura \u00eenflorit\u0103\" class=\"wp-image-159700\" style=\"width:841px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/datura-flower-pinwheel-cave.jpeg 709w, https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/datura-flower-pinwheel-cave-600x345.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/datura-flower-pinwheel-cave-300x173.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/datura-flower-pinwheel-cave-18x10.jpeg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 709px) 100vw, 709px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\">Pinwheel Cave, California, unde au legat spirala ro\u0219ie de floarea magic\u0103. Observa\u021bi forma petalelor care se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103... (Fotografie realizat\u0103 cu amabilitatea: Melissa Dabulamanzi)<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-pale-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\" id=\"h-the-magic-flower\"><em> Floarea magic\u0103<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Datura a fost dizolvat ca un ceai numit <strong>toloache<\/strong>, pe care b\u0103ie\u021bii tineri o beau ca un ritual de trecere. Halucinogenele sale le-ar da acces la <em>\"t\u0103r\u00e2mul de jos\"<\/em>. Dar floarea a fost magic\u0103 \u0219i \u00eentr-un alt mod.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cunoscut \u0219i ca <strong>thornapple<\/strong> \u0219i<strong> jimsonweed<\/strong>, Datura \u00ee\u0219i deschide petalele doar la amurg \u0219i \u00een zori, \u00eenchiz\u00e2ndu-le \u00een timpul zilei. Spirala ro\u0219ie arat\u0103 probabil o floare de Datura <em>\"trezirea\"<\/em>, au declarat cercet\u0103torii:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\"Datura putea fi consumat\u0103 de-a lungul vie\u021bii pentru o varietate de motive, inclusiv pentru a ob\u021bine puteri supranaturale pentru medicin\u0103, pentru a contracara evenimentele supranaturale negative, pentru a alunga fantomele \u0219i pentru a vedea viitorul sau a g\u0103si obiecte pierdute...\"<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen zilele noastre, Datura este p\u0103strat\u0103 ca plant\u0103 de gr\u0103din\u0103 comun\u0103, \u00een special datorit\u0103 florilor \u00een form\u0103 de trompet\u0103. Dup\u0103 sezonul de \u00eenflorire, Datura produce fructe \u021bepoase<em> (de unde \u0219i cel\u0103lalt nume, thornapple)<\/em>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"991\" height=\"552\" src=\"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/red-daura-flower.jpg\" alt=\"floare de datura ro\u0219ie close-up\" class=\"wp-image-159703\" srcset=\"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/red-daura-flower.jpg 991w, https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/red-daura-flower-600x334.jpg 600w, https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/red-daura-flower-300x167.jpg 300w, https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/red-daura-flower-768x428.jpg 768w, https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/red-daura-flower-18x10.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 991px) 100vw, 991px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\">Floare de datura ro\u0219ie<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Da, o c\u0103l\u0103torie indus\u0103 de Datura poate dura p\u00e2n\u0103 la 2 zile. Dar ave\u021bi grij\u0103! Fiind o plant\u0103 alcaloid\u0103, cele mai mari efecte secundare ale sale pot fi supradozajul accidental... \u0219i moartea prin otr\u0103vire. Fiecare parte ciudat\u0103 a Datura <em>este<\/em> toxic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-pale-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\" id=\"h-what-happens-if-you-eat-datura\"><em> Ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 dac\u0103 m\u0103n\u00e2nci Datura <\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Datura wrightii poate fi un psihedelic puternic, dar efectele secundare periculoase dep\u0103\u0219esc cu mult magia sa:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Mai lent <em>(sau nebune\u0219te de repede)<\/em> g\u00e2nduri;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Motiva\u021bie sc\u0103zut\u0103;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Eventuala depresie + anxietate;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Paranoia, cu sentimente de <em>\"dezastrul care se apropie\"<\/em>;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Distorsiune temporal\u0103;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Oboseala muscular\u0103;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Amnezie; \u0219i<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Moartea prin otr\u0103vire<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A\u0219a c\u0103 hai s\u0103 l\u0103s\u0103m experimentele pentru oamenii cavernelor, da?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-pale-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\" id=\"h-the-first-psychonauts\"><em>Primul Psychonauts?<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dac\u0103 Datura era at\u00e2t de periculoas\u0103, atunci de ce au luat-o oamenii cavernelor din California, au tr\u0103it ca s\u0103 povesteasc\u0103 \u0219i au pictat-o at\u00e2t de bine pe pu\u021burile pe\u0219terilor lor? Nu erau droga\u021bi?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pentru \u00eenceput, probabil c\u0103 arti\u0219tii nu se drogau \u00een timp ce desenau, a\u0219a cum a ar\u0103tat cercet\u0103torul principal <strong>David Robinson<\/strong> a declarat pentru Live Science:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\"Este extrem de pu\u021bin probabil din cauza efectelor debilitante ale Datura.\"<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">De asemenea, indigenii erau probabil imuni la otrava florii, av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere c\u0103 foloseau Datura \u00een via\u021ba de zi cu zi - \u0219i nu doar \u00een ritualuri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Arheologii au dat pentru prima dat\u0103 peste picturile rupestre \u00een 1999, la<strong> Rezerva\u021bia Wind Wolves<\/strong> l\u00e2ng\u0103 Santa Barbara. Muncitorii au descoperit roti\u021ba ro\u0219ie \u0219i molia pictat\u0103 cu <strong>ocru<\/strong>, sau argil\u0103 ro\u0219ie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"839\" height=\"379\" src=\"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/cave-painting-by-the-chamush-people.jpeg\" alt=\"picturi rupestre \u00een form\u0103 de roat\u0103 ro\u0219ie realizate de poporul Chumash\" class=\"wp-image-159704\" srcset=\"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/cave-painting-by-the-chamush-people.jpeg 839w, https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/cave-painting-by-the-chamush-people-600x271.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/cave-painting-by-the-chamush-people-300x136.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/cave-painting-by-the-chamush-people-768x347.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/cave-painting-by-the-chamush-people-18x8.jpeg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 839px) 100vw, 839px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\">O alt\u0103 pictur\u0103 rupestr\u0103 incredibil\u0103 realizat\u0103 de Chumash, \u00een aceea\u0219i zon\u0103 \u00een care a fost g\u0103sit\u0103 \"roti\u021ba ro\u0219ie\". (via Wikipedia)<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La fel ca \u0219i lucr\u0103rile lui Michelangelo din Capela Sixtin\u0103, picturile rupestre i-au ajutat pe indigeni <em>\"Intr\u0103 \u00een atmosfer\u0103\"<\/em> pentru c\u0103l\u0103toria lor spiritual\u0103. Pentru ei, puterea halucinogen\u0103 a Datura nu era doar pentru \u0219amani, ci pentru to\u021bi cei care aveau nevoie de ea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\"...este posibil ca mestecarea Datura s\u0103 fi fost legat\u0103 de alte ceremonii de grup, cum ar fi preg\u0103tirea pentru expedi\u021biile de v\u00e2n\u0103toare.\"<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-pale-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\" id=\"h-rare-piece-of-psychedelic-history\"><em>O bucat\u0103 rar\u0103 de istorie psihedelic\u0103 <\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Utilizarea <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/explainer-what-is-radiocarbon-dating-and-how-does-it-work-9690\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">datarea cu radiocarbon<\/a><\/strong>\u00cen timpul cercet\u0103rilor, s-a descoperit c\u0103 pe\u0219tera a fost folosit\u0103 \u00eentre 1600 d.Hr. \u0219i sf\u00e2r\u0219itul anilor 1800.  \u0218i nu a fost doar pentru ritualuri sau ocazii speciale. De asemenea, au g\u0103sit <strong>s\u0103geat\u0103 arbore \u00eendreptatoare<\/strong> <em>(ceea ce ar putea \u00eensemna preg\u0103tirea pentru v\u00e2n\u0103toare)<\/em>, <strong>semin\u021be m\u0103cinate<\/strong> <em>(din depozitul de alimente)<\/em>, \u0219i <strong>oase de animale<\/strong> r\u0103mase de la mese. Fascinant, nu-i a\u0219a?&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Str\u0103mo\u0219ii no\u0219tri nu numai c\u0103 foloseau substan\u021be psihedelice, dar le venerau \u0219i includeau magia lor \u00een via\u021ba de zi cu zi. \u0218i, de\u0219i acum \u0219tim c\u0103 Datura este mortal\u0103, spirala sa ro\u0219ie va <em>cu siguran\u021b\u0103<\/em> arde str\u0103lucitor \u00een istoria psihedelic\u0103.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"709\" height=\"339\" src=\"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/chamush-people.jpeg\" alt=\"pictur\u0103 a societ\u0103\u021bii Chumash cu colibe \u0219i b\u0103rci \u021besute\" class=\"wp-image-159707\" style=\"width:841px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/chamush-people.jpeg 709w, https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/chamush-people-600x287.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/chamush-people-300x143.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/chamush-people-18x9.jpeg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 709px) 100vw, 709px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\">Reconstituirea societ\u0103\u021bii Chumash<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ce p\u0103rere ave\u021bi? A schimbat aceast\u0103 descoperire modul \u00een care v\u0103 g\u00e2ndi\u021bi la societ\u0103\u021bile antice? <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dac\u0103 vrei s\u0103 afli mai multe despre cum s-au \u00eempiedicat oamenii de-a lungul istoriei, vezi <a href=\"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/ro\/articles\/psychedelic-studies\/evidence-of-ancient-civilisations-using-psychedelics\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Dovezi ale civiliza\u021biilor antice care foloseau substan\u021be psihedelice<\/a>!<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cu mult timp \u00een urm\u0103, triburile indigene din California tr\u0103iau \u00een pe\u0219teri. Iar noaptea, nu priveau stelele de pe cer... ci o pictur\u0103 de culoare ro\u0219u aprins reprezent\u00e2nd o roti\u021b\u0103 \u0219i o molie cu ochii mari.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":16372,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[69],"tags":[],"topics":[],"class_list":["post-16369","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-psychedelic-culture"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16369","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16369"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16369\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":159709,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16369\/revisions\/159709"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16372"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16369"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16369"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16369"},{"taxonomy":"topics","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topics?post=16369"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}