{"id":57080,"date":"2022-04-27T22:28:50","date_gmt":"2022-04-27T20:28:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/?p=57080"},"modified":"2023-05-12T16:27:05","modified_gmt":"2023-05-12T14:27:05","slug":"top-10-deadliest-mushrooms-on-the-planet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/ro\/blog\/top-10-cele-mai-moarte-ciuperci-de-pe-planeta\/","title":{"rendered":"Top 10 cele mai mortale ciuperci de pe planet\u0103"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n\n<p style=\"font-size: 26px\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Acela\u0219i sfat de baz\u0103 va fi dat \u00eencep\u0103torilor, indiferent de micologul, cultivatorul de ciuperci sau c\u0103ut\u0103torul de ciuperci la care v\u0103 adresa\u021bi. Dar identificarea pozitiv\u0103 a unei ciuperci poate fi descurajant\u0103: nu este \u00eentotdeauna o plimbare \u00een parc <em>(sau p\u0103dure!?)<\/em>. Exper\u021bii \u00een ciuperci au enumerat aproximativ 14.000 de specii distincte de ciuperci din lume, grupate \u00een mai multe genuri diferite. <em>(plural pentru \"genuri\")<\/em>. Un gen de ciuperci catalogheaz\u0103 de obicei at\u00e2t specii comestibile, c\u00e2t \u0219i specii necomestibile. Din p\u0103cate, multe dintre acestea sunt aproape imposibil de distins unele de altele la prima vedere. Cum deosebe\u0219ti ciupercile sigure pentru consum de cele mortale pe care le \u00eent\u00e2lne\u0219ti, cresc\u00e2nd \u00een solul umed?<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-to-spot-a-deadly-mushroom\"><strong>Cum s\u0103 recuno\u0219ti o ciuperc\u0103 mortal\u0103<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen cazul \u00een care da\u021bi peste o ciuperc\u0103 interesant\u0103, exist\u0103 c\u00e2teva tr\u0103s\u0103turi de identificare care v\u0103 pot ajuta s\u0103 o identifica\u021bi ca fiind sigur\u0103 sau plin\u0103 de otrav\u0103. Am analizat \u00een profunzime acest proces \u00een cartea noastr\u0103 util\u0103&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/ro\/blog\/ghidul-vanatorilor-de-ciuperci\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>ghidul v\u00e2n\u0103torului de ciuperci magice<\/b><\/a>. Un lucru pe care \u00eel ve\u021bi observa de la bun \u00eenceput este c\u0103 speciile cele mai comestibile, cum ar fi <em>Psilocybe cubensis,<\/em> aka \"ciuperci magice\", nu prezint\u0103 caracteristici super-definitive la exterior. <em>cele necomestibile<\/em>, pe de alt\u0103 parte, au adesea tr\u0103s\u0103turi care fac aluzie la alte creaturi s\u0103 le lase \u00een pace. Unele dintre aceste caracteristici fizice sunt urm\u0103toarele:<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Prezen\u021ba branhiilor albe va semnala adesea c\u0103 o ciuperc\u0103 este otr\u0103vitoare. Acela\u0219i lucru este valabil \u0219i \u00een cazul celor cu tulpini inelate \u0219i a celor cu un \"v\u0103l\"<em> (aka a volva)<\/em> \u00eenvelind corpul s\u0103u fructifer. Uneori, volva este ascuns\u0103 sub p\u0103m\u00e2nt, a\u0219a c\u0103 este util s\u0103 se scormoneasc\u0103 la baza ciupercii pentru a o descoperi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<figure><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh4.googleusercontent.com\/zelDs8QIdXmqXglAkRfQofp54qoxJashJcJN6R6q3ASbkUDY0I-E_-PmeKbyFt3QdpXtemKWTRqIHzifHLUjImTsYEpQ-S5I3wyMjZobb8viSmIH36mi_zjVOkV0MkSOI1A0ZW2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"840\" height=\"499\"><\/figure>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Capacele sau tulpinile de culoare ro\u0219u aprins de pe o ciuperc\u0103 pot \u00eensemna fie otrav\u0103, fie halucinogene \u00een interior.<strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Amanita_muscaria\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">musc\u0103 agaric mushroo<\/a><\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Amanita_muscaria\">m<\/a> <em>(Amanita muscaria)<\/em> semnaleaz\u0103 ambele, dar este consumat\u0103 de mii de ani de culturile \u0219amanice. Aceste persoane \u00een c\u0103utare de viziuni <em>Amanita<\/em> m\u00e2nc\u0103tori includ triburi siberiene, c\u0103tune japoneze \u0219i vechii vikingi.<strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/ro\/blog\/razboinicii-viking-au-luat-ciuperci-magice-in-batalie\/\">r\u0103zboinici<\/a><\/strong> ca \u00een <em>Omul Nordului<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Desigur, acestea sunt doar c\u00e2teva sfaturi \u0219i nu trebuie interpretate ca o \u00eencurajare de a c\u0103uta ciuperci pe cont propriu. Dar \u0219tiind ce specii sunt deosebit de periculoase este \u00eentotdeauna o idee bun\u0103 pe care s\u0103 o lua\u021bi cu dvs. pentru urm\u0103torul&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/ro\/blog\/9-20-a-day-in-the-life-of-a-magic-mushroom\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sezonul de recoltare<\/a>. <\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u021ain\u00e2nd cont de acest lucru, am \u00eentocmit o list\u0103 cu cele mai mortale 10 ciuperci de pe planet\u0103, pe care s\u0103 le evita\u021bi cu orice pre\u021b, dac\u0103 le \u00eent\u00e2lni\u021bi. De la cele mai pu\u021bin prietenoase specii de ciuperci, p\u00e2n\u0103 la cele \u00een\u0219el\u0103tor de frumoase <em>\u00cengeri <\/em>de moarte sigur\u0103...<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>10. Gyromitra Esculenta <em>(False Morel)<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.allrecipes.com\/article\/what-are-morel-mushrooms\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"broken_link\">Morels<\/a><\/strong>, \u00een special a <em>adev\u0103rat<\/em> sunt preferate pe scar\u0103 larg\u0103 pentru gustul lor \u0219i sunt apreciate ca o gustare comestibil\u0103 de ciuperci. <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/False_morel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">False morse<\/a><\/strong>, pe de alt\u0103 parte, con\u021bin otrav\u0103 \u0219i sunt de evitat ca o poten\u021bial\u0103 delicates\u0103. De\u0219i numele speciei sale <em>\"esculenta\"<\/em> \u00een latin\u0103 \u00eenseamn\u0103 \"delicios\", <em>Gyromitra esculenta<\/em> nu trebuie confundate cu alimente. \u00cen America de Nord, se pot g\u0103si \u00een jur de opt p\u00e2n\u0103 la zece specii de <em>Gyromitra<\/em>, cu dou\u0103 sau trei specii \u00een Europa.<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/3VbW7fJtxwVi_BulyZosP2Hph0ACUGoLBzoyjc24CXMjQljpIAV8W78LbtAMkTLdO4_3PMmX9jNzDEFQR5at160o94q72buPPe9OyOYv1j1OidU4Cu-IMhg_XM4n3WCEtpL1-5fx\" alt=\"\" width=\"839\" height=\"519\"><p><\/p>\n<figcaption><strong><em>Gyromitra esculenta<\/em>, sau Falsa mori\u0219c\u0103. <\/strong><em><mark>(Fotografie de Dick Culbert via Wikimedia Commons)<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Falsul molu\u0219te, contrar recomand\u0103rilor \u0219tiin\u021bifice, este adesea r\u00e2vnit de gurmanzii europeni. Din p\u0103cate, acest tip de curiozitate gastronomic\u0103 a provocat aproximativ 2-4% din toate decesele legate de ciuperci. V\u0103 \u00eentreba\u021bi care este vinovatul chimic? Gyromitrina, un compus care se transform\u0103 \u00een monometilhidrazin\u0103 \u00een corpul uman. <em>O gur\u0103 mare, nu? <\/em>\u0218i are aceea\u0219i structur\u0103 chimic\u0103 ca \u0219i combustibilul pentru rachete. De\u0219i unele condi\u021bii de g\u0103tire atent controlate pot ajuta la \"extragerea\" acestei substan\u021be chimice, dac\u0103 m\u00e2nca\u021bi un morcov fals crud, v\u0103 ve\u021bi otr\u0103vi cu siguran\u021b\u0103 intestinele.<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fapt amuzant! \u0218tia\u021bi c\u0103 dac\u0103 fierbe\u021bi un morcov fals, acesta va emana un miros de ciocolat\u0103? Acest lucru se datoreaz\u0103 faptului c\u0103 gyromitrina se evapor\u0103 odat\u0103 cu otrava. Morcovul fals crud se fierbe de trei ori, \u00eenlocuind vasul cu ap\u0103 curat\u0103 de fiecare dat\u0103. Chiar \u0219i a\u0219a, vaporii s\u0103i cu miros de Cadbury pot provoca boli. De asemenea, fierberea la parabol\u0103 este rareori infailibil\u0103; \u00een ciupercile g\u0103tite pot r\u0103m\u00e2ne urme de otrav\u0103.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">De ce s\u0103 nu ron\u021b\u0103i ni\u0219te&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/ro\/blog\/cum-sa-faci-ciuperci-de-ciocolata\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">trufe magice acoperite cu ciocolat\u0103<\/a><b>,<\/b> \u00een schimb?<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>9. Podostroma Cornu-damae <em>(Coral de foc otr\u0103vit)&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00e2n\u0103torii amatori de ciuperci, sau cel pu\u021bin cei care au mai c\u0103utat \u00eenainte, \u0219tiu c\u0103 este o prostie s\u0103 m\u0103n\u00e2nci ciuperci s\u0103lbatice f\u0103r\u0103 a stabili mai \u00eent\u00e2i dac\u0103 sunt periculoase. Cu toate acestea, exist\u0103 un tip de ciuperc\u0103 care se pare c\u0103 este d\u0103un\u0103toare chiar \u0219i pentru <em>atinge\u021bi<\/em>: <em>Podostroma cornu-damae<\/em>, numit\u0103 \u0219i <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Podostroma_cornu-damae\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Coral de foc otr\u0103vit<\/a><\/strong>. Otrava provine din micotoxinele tricotecene, care pot declan\u0219a umfl\u0103turi \u0219i irita\u021bii atunci c\u00e2nd sunt absorbite de porii pielii.<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh4.googleusercontent.com\/m_at35EjF5QxPmRqWyRk6hgSzFNutfVxTp4_EVHGq8N3Wj1o7skOjgvzllA_zFdz_YcQyjCTfv5MGC0Nm7x8cSl01vE8JSlDp8WR2WwEGYxIQ6Fhyfak-fPcmXhZvnhIjGHGVe9Q\" alt=\"\" width=\"839\" height=\"519\"><p><\/p>\n<figcaption><strong><em>Podostroma cornu-damae<\/em>, sau Poison Fire Coral. <\/strong><em><mark>(Fotografie de Kouchan via Wikimedia Commons)<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen cazul \u00een care reu\u0219e\u0219ti s\u0103 supravie\u021buie\u0219ti atingerii sale din pur\u0103 \u00eent\u00e2mplare, dac\u0103 m\u0103n\u00e2nci corpurile fructificate ale coralului de foc otr\u0103vitor, te vei duce \u00een mod garantat la urgen\u021be. Victimele au raportat diverse semne, cum ar fi descuamarea pielii, c\u0103derea p\u0103rului \u00een smocuri, mi\u0219c\u0103ri tremur\u00e2nde \u0219i vorbire greoaie, mic\u0219orarea cerebelului \u0219i o sc\u0103dere drastic\u0103 a num\u0103rului de globule albe \u0219i de trombocite. Dac\u0103 nu sunt tratate, toxinele coralului de foc otr\u0103vitor pot face ca organele s\u0103 nu mai func\u021bioneze, ceea ce duce la necroz\u0103 \u0219i, \u00een cele din urm\u0103, la moarte.<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Simptomele nu apar \u00eentotdeauna \u00een acela\u0219i timp. O persoan\u0103 care nu a m\u00e2ncat exact <em>Podostroma<\/em>, ci mai degrab\u0103 a b\u0103ut-o sub form\u0103 de ceai, poate avea simptome \u0219i dup\u0103 multe s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni. Cele mai multe <em>\"otr\u0103vitoare doar pe h\u00e2rtie\"<\/em> Ciupercile nu provoac\u0103 \u00eentotdeauna moartea, a\u0219a c\u0103 cei care caut\u0103 pentru prima dat\u0103 ciuperci nu trebuie s\u0103 se a\u0219tepte la Moartea Secer\u0103torului dac\u0103 m\u0103n\u00e2nc\u0103 una din gre\u0219eal\u0103. Cu toate acestea! <em>Podostroma cornu-damae<\/em>pericolul se extinde \u0219i la aspectul s\u0103u, deoarece arat\u0103 ca o ciuperc\u0103 comestibil\u0103. Coralul de foc otr\u0103vitor seam\u0103n\u0103 cu&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/ro\/blog\/spotlight-on-cordyceps-fungus\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Cordyceps<\/b><\/a>&nbsp;\u0219i <em>Ganoderma lucidum<\/em>, care sunt ambele de baz\u0103 \u00een cercurile de vindecare tradi\u021bionale.<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Coralii de foc otr\u0103vitori pot fi v\u0103zu\u021bi \u00een p\u0103durile umede din Queensland, Australia, unde aceast\u0103 specie a prosperat timp de decenii.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>8. Pholiotina Rugosa <em>(Conocybe Filaris)<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mai bine cunoscut prin sinonimul s\u0103u junior <em>Conocybe filaris<\/em>, ciuperca <strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pholiotina_rugosa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Pholiotina rugosa<\/a><\/em><\/strong> este de-a dreptul otr\u0103vitoare pentru oricine \u00eendr\u0103zne\u0219te s\u0103 o consume. S-a demonstrat c\u0103 este plin de <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Amatoxin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">amatoxine<\/a><\/strong>, care deterioreaz\u0103 ficatul \u0219i reprezint\u0103 principala cauz\u0103 a deceselor cauzate de otr\u0103vire prin <em>Amanita<\/em> \u0219i <em>Lepiota<\/em> ciuperci. Datorit\u0103 unei asem\u0103n\u0103ri stranii cu <em>Psilocybe<\/em>'s pileus <em>(aka \"capacul\" s\u0103u)<\/em>, <em>Conocybe<\/em> a fost confundat\u0103 cu ciupercile magice de c\u0103tre cei neini\u021bia\u021bi.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/w8uV1fxrlWaHraXxQZ6MmKJiJ6mKbu_vNL5CLSJ1si3T3q9N-qEdZwEbhqmlAwrba9pBovpODPDv-xFYZHGvHCmDomLiwlvXlGjuYL4OeaWbCOkptReDvyJ0HFxlCMtOmjP95A4J\" alt=\"\"><p><\/p>\n<figcaption><strong><em>Pholiotina Rugosa<\/em>, mai cunoscut sub numele de <em>Conocybe Filaris<\/em>. <\/strong><em><mark>(Fotografie de billyd via Wikimedia Commons)<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">P\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 2013, c\u00e2nd a fost lansat un studiu molecular <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Phylogenetics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">filogenetic\u0103<\/a><\/strong> studiu a stabilit c\u0103 ciuperca face parte din <em>Pholiotina<\/em> genul, a fost clasificat \u00een <em>Conocybe<\/em>. Acest lucru explic\u0103 de ce majoritatea ghidurilor de teren ale forn\u0103\u021buitorilor \u00een format tip\u0103rit se refer\u0103 la el ca fiind <em>Conocybe<\/em> \u0219i nu dup\u0103 denumirea sa \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 real\u0103. Oricum ar fi! Ca majoritatea ciupercilor de pe planet\u0103, <em>Conocybe<\/em> poate fi g\u0103sit \u00een cre\u0219tere pe soluri umede, fertile \u0219i pe b\u0103legar.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>7. Pleurocybella Porrigens <em>(Angel Wings)<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Legenda spune c\u0103 Diavolul nu apare sub forma unei g\u0103rg\u0103ri\u021be hidoase, cu aripi de liliac \u0219i coad\u0103 bifurcat\u0103, ci mai degrab\u0103 ca un \u00eenger de lumin\u0103 dulce \u0219i inofensiv. Ei bine, iat\u0103 analogul perfect pentru aceast\u0103 idee folcloric\u0103 str\u0103veche: ciuperca Pleurocybella porrigens, cunoscut\u0103 \u0219i sub numele de Aripi de \u00eenger. <\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh6.googleusercontent.com\/NShlWMohU_nBxoCYuTtS-BDDw4HBPtN64k8EvD0AY4tqi3jxK_Pkd9atfISjgfMsErQLQM7eDgHcTpTWFdOe1fkBD5dSUHnuYjM93XvpckUT4479FZKV3ZQYGOuhJG9G7T3d_Rlc\" alt=\"\" width=\"840\" height=\"583\"><p><\/p>\n<figcaption><strong><em>Pleurocybella Porrigens<\/em>, sau ciupercile Angel Wings. <\/strong><em><mark>(Fotografie realizat\u0103 de \u6771\u96fb\u8133\u516c\u53f8 via Wikimedia Commons)<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen toamna anului 2004, 59 de persoane care locuiau \u00een 9 prefecturi din Japonia <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/24255506_Acute_encephalopathy_caused_by_cyanogenic_fungi_in_2004_and_magic_mushroom_regulation_in_Japan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"broken_link\">s-a \u00eemboln\u0103vit<\/a><\/strong> de a m\u00e2nca <em>Pleurocybella porrigens<\/em>. Unul dintre efecte a fost acut <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/brain\/what-is-encephalopathy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">encefalopatie<\/a><\/strong> din care au murit 17 persoane. Victimele erau \u00een majoritate \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103 de 70 de ani, cu rinichi slabi. \u00centr-un alt caz din Japonia, de data aceasta \u00een 2009, un b\u0103rbat \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103 de 65 de ani aflat \u00een hemodializ\u0103 a murit tot din cauza ciupercii. Exper\u021bii au indicat spre un aminoacid instabil din Angel Wings numit <em>Pleurocybella Aziridin\u0103<\/em> ca fiind cauza acestor decese.<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Crede\u021bi sau nu, ciupercile Angel Wings r\u0103m\u00e2n o gustare popular\u0103 \u00een Japonia. Denumite <em>Sugihiratake<\/em> de c\u0103tre localnici, ciupercile s-au bucurat de o recolt\u0103 maxim\u0103 \u00een 2004, dup\u0103 ploile abundente. A fost mai mult dec\u00e2t suficient pentru a m\u00e2nca - sau cel pu\u021bin a\u0219a credeau s\u0103tenii.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00centre 13 \u0219i 18 zile, simptomele au ap\u0103rut la cei care au consumat ciuperci Angel Wings. Acestea \u00eencepeau ca un tremur lini\u0219tit, sl\u0103biciune a degetelor de la m\u00e2ini \u0219i de la picioare, urmate de \"spasme ale min\u021bii\" \u0219i crize. \u00cen tot acest timp ar fi fost prezent\u0103 o febr\u0103 foarte fierbinte. Dup\u0103 trei p\u00e2n\u0103 la opt zile, scan\u0103rile cerebrale ar ar\u0103ta leziuni mari \u00een creier. Victimele mureau la 10 zile de la \u00eenceputul primei crize.<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Este demn de remarcat, totu\u0219i, c\u0103 majoritatea, dac\u0103 nu chiar toate <em>Pleurocybella<\/em>victimele lui aveau rinichii compromi\u0219i. O astfel de afec\u021biune ar \u00eempiedica foarte mult capacitatea natural\u0103 a organismului de a elimina toxinele. A\u0219a c\u0103... Dup\u0103 ce a\u021bi citit toate acestea, a\u021bi mai risca o <em>ceresc<\/em> Mu\u0219c\u0103?&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>6. Galerina Marginata <em>(Scufi\u021b\u0103 de toamn\u0103)<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Clopot funerar. Galerin\u0103 mortal\u0103. Scufi\u021b\u0103 de toamn\u0103.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ca ni\u0219te versuri dintr-o mantr\u0103 gotic\u0103, acestea sunt c\u00e2teva dintre denumirile tare de tot ale unei mici ciuperci galerin\u0103 brun\u0103, cunoscut\u0103 \u0219tiin\u021bific sub numele de <strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Galerina_marginata\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Galerina marginata<\/a><\/em><\/strong>. La fel ca \u0219i veri\u0219oara sa cu tematic\u0103 de sicriu, r\u0103uf\u0103c\u0103toarea ciuperc\u0103 cap de moarte, otrava Galerinei este amanitina. O singur\u0103 mu\u0219c\u0103tur\u0103 de un Autumn Skullcap ar l\u0103sa efecte permanente asupra organelor victimei. Oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 au marcat 12 <em>Galerina<\/em> Ciuperci, totu\u0219i, ca doz\u0103 letal\u0103 oficial\u0103. Destul de surprinz\u0103tor pentru o ciuperc\u0103 cu unele dintre cele mai mici p\u0103l\u0103rii de oriunde: doar 2,5 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 2,5 cm l\u0103\u021bime.<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh6.googleusercontent.com\/SRQH6YYoUdLDmfsCja5Be3tphaiIaGJdpWa08VpLHR93l23ZMGLAgBp1Tzwr5XJi3OHrDx7c02XZgKpqJwi5_BMo85bHQhBUWseEaeXBbMKosjFzYW1PPeDalVWmgYMDdUAvPTom\" alt=\"\" width=\"841\" height=\"520\"><p><\/p>\n<figcaption><strong><em>Galerina Marginata<\/em>, sau Autumn Skullcap. <\/strong><em><mark>(Fotografie de Strobilomyces via Wikimedia Commons)<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La o inspec\u021bie mai atent\u0103 ve\u021bi observa branhii galbene care ies din <em>Galerina<\/em>'s stalk. Exist\u0103 \u0219i inele albe, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu \"fire de p\u0103r\" mici pe tulpina sa. Condi\u021biile perfecte pentru un Skullcap de toamn\u0103 sunt pe lemn umed, care poate g\u0103zdui foarte bine miceliul s\u0103u alb \u0219i dens. La fel ca \u0219i corpul s\u0103u de fructificare, \u0219i <em>Galerina<\/em>este maro.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dac\u0103 m\u00e2nca\u021bi un Funeral Bell, nu fi\u021bi surprin\u0219i s\u0103 auzi\u021bi c\u0103 are o tax\u0103 pentru dumneavoastr\u0103. La c\u00e2teva minute dup\u0103 ce intr\u0103 \u00een corpul t\u0103u, otrava amanitin\u0103 va \u00eencepe s\u0103-\u021bi distrug\u0103 ficatul. \u00centre 8 \u0219i 24 de ore mai t\u00e2rziu, grea\u021ba va veni \u00een valuri, urmat\u0103 de v\u0103rs\u0103turi puternice \u0219i diaree. Numai acest lucru v\u0103 va epuiza organismul de ap\u0103 \u0219i minerale. Dar dac\u0103 reu\u0219i\u021bi s\u0103 supravie\u021bui\u021bi la toate acestea, Scufi\u021ba de toamn\u0103 va cimenta afacerea dup\u0103 c\u00e2teva zile, oprindu-v\u0103 complet ficatul sau rinichii.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>5. Lepiota Brunneoincarnata <em>(Deadly Dapperling)<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O ciuperc\u0103 mortal\u0103 care cre\u0219te aproape oriunde, din zonele temperate ale Asiei, inclusiv \u00een China, p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een regiunile ierboase din Europa, este <em>Lepiota brunneoincarnata<\/em>, cunoscut\u0103 \u0219i sub numele de <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lepiota_brunneoincarnata\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Dapperling mortal<\/a><\/strong>. Datorit\u0103 capacului s\u0103u maro cu solzi, cu o tulpin\u0103 de culoare roz-maronie \u0219i branhii albe, dapperlingul mortal a fost confundat cu ciupercile comestibile de c\u0103tre persoane neavizate. Nu ajut\u0103 nici faptul c\u0103 dapperlingul mortal ador\u0103 pur \u0219i simplu toate zonele cu iarb\u0103: cum ar fi parcurile, gr\u0103dinile \u0219i c\u00e2mpurile. Toate acestea sunt locuri \u00een care oamenii sunt obliga\u021bi s\u0103 se \u00eempiedice de ele.<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/R--M4CKYvz3zddhyfqpUn4aUR3RyAChR1elHxFUD36yDqR97ISwqY2Z0qSLmuY65bB7BviZMDo3qCxxJjEzBEO7IGlPZFTfuZ9p0OywmvmT8dCsdSVMs9_i8yzgDIts5pzd6nw7S\" alt=\"\" width=\"842\" height=\"521\"><p><\/p>\n<figcaption><strong><em>Lepiota brunneoincarnata<\/em>, sau Deadly Dapperling. <\/strong><em><mark>(Fotografie de Strobilomyces via Wikimedia Commons)<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Spre deosebire de alte ciuperci cu aspect asem\u0103n\u0103tor, cum ar fi <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wildfooduk.com\/mushroom-guide\/fairy-ring-champignons\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>inel de z\u00e2n\u0103 champignon<\/strong> <\/a> (<em>Marasmius oreades<\/em>) \u0219i <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wildfooduk.com\/mushroom-guide\/the-grey-knight\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ciuperc\u0103 cavaler gri<\/a><\/strong> (<em>Tricholoma terreum<\/em>), dapperlingul mortal este extrem de otr\u0103vitor. Rata de ucidere este ridicat\u0103, datorit\u0103 unei substan\u021be chimice numite <strong>alfa-amanitin\u0103<\/strong>. D\u0103un\u0103toarea mortal\u0103 a ucis persoane care au m\u00e2ncat-o \u00een Spania \u00een 2002, patru tineri membri ai unei familii tunisiene \u00een 2010 \u0219i a provocat o epidemie la scar\u0103 larg\u0103 \u00een Iran \u00een cursul anului 2018.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Simptomele apar mai ales la nivelul intestinului. La 10 ore dup\u0103 ce se m\u0103n\u00e2nc\u0103 dafinul mortal, se va avea grea\u021b\u0103 \u0219i v\u0103rs\u0103turi, urmate de leziuni hepatice grave la c\u00e2teva zile dup\u0103. Exper\u021bii au stabilit c\u0103 100 g de <em>Lepiot<\/em>a s\u0103 fie punctul limit\u0103 \u00eenainte ca ficatul s\u0103 \u00eenceap\u0103 s\u0103 se opreasc\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ceea ce face ca aceast\u0103 ciuperc\u0103 mortal\u0103 s\u0103 fie at\u00e2t de periculoas\u0103 este faptul c\u0103 reziden\u021bii obi\u0219nui\u021bi, \u00een special cei care se bucur\u0103 de ciuperci ca parte a buc\u0103t\u0103riei lor, o pot confunda cu u\u0219urin\u021b\u0103 cu altceva. De exemplu: \u00cen Salon-de-Provence, o familie care c\u0103uta ciuperci de tip cavaler cenu\u0219iu \u00een gr\u0103dina lor a fost <strong>otr\u0103vit<\/strong> dup\u0103 ce a luat \u00een schimb \"Dpperling\".&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>4. Cortinarius Rubellus <em>(Captur\u0103 de web mortal\u0103)<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Acum, aceast\u0103 ciuperc\u0103 specific\u0103 este mult mai greu de g\u0103sit dec\u00e2t cele care au venit \u00eenainte de ea. Din cauza habitatelor sale inaccesibile, mai ales \u00een Europa de Nord, <strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cortinarius_rubellus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Cortinarius rubellus<\/a><\/em><\/strong> este rareori \u00eenregistrat\u0103 ca fiind otr\u0103vit\u0103 de v\u00e2n\u0103torii de ciuperci. De fapt, ultimul caz cunoscut de otr\u0103vire de c\u0103tre <em>Cortinarius<\/em> a fost \u00een 1979 \u00een Marea Britanie. Motivul? Cei care au consumat-o au confundat ciuperca cu Chanterelle (<em>Cantharellus cibarius<\/em>).&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh6.googleusercontent.com\/ZFsjaYdCw7WOwlS8mvewQFeJJz0p7XmLQmR7AtxEKR6eI-b6s_8n1N-S7VB7wsxB9JbrJMkVYtQ8ps4AIlIdBmPtxUba_AM9o5k0bJgKvgh3Mf7p8AA8ajUVyQLm_Sk3USk8rpXL\" alt=\"\" width=\"839\" height=\"629\"><p><\/p>\n<figcaption><strong><em>Cortinarius rubellus<\/em>, sau Deadly Webcap. <\/strong><em><mark>(Fotografie de Eric Steinert via Wikimedia Commons)<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dac\u0103 s-ar fi uitat cu aten\u021bie, ar fi observat c\u0103 aceast\u0103 specie mortal\u0103 nu are branhii decurrente care s\u0103 curg\u0103 de-a lungul tulpinii. \u00cen plus, pe ea se afl\u0103 modelul \"piele de \u0219arpe\", care ajut\u0103 la avertizarea oamenilor de pericolul ei. La fel ca toate celelalte ciuperci din <em>Cortinarius<\/em> genus!&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La fel ca \u0219i celelalte ciuperci mortale de pe aceast\u0103 list\u0103, ciuperca uciga\u0219\u0103 provoac\u0103 simptome asem\u0103n\u0103toare gripei, precum \u0219i v\u0103rs\u0103turi. Dac\u0103 este l\u0103sat\u0103 netratat\u0103, otrava sa poate da na\u0219tere la insuficien\u021b\u0103 renal\u0103 \u00een dou\u0103 zile sau mai pu\u021bin. Acesta este motivul pentru care, \u00een ciuda faptului c\u0103 este relativ <em>\"greu de g\u0103sit\"<\/em> \u00cen ciuda acestui statut, cei care caut\u0103 hran\u0103 ar trebui s\u0103 evite \u00een continuare p\u0103ianjenul mortal acolo unde cre\u0219te ca buruienile. Mai ales \u00een nordul Europei!&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3. Amanita Verna<em> (Fool's Mushroom)<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Toat\u0103 lumea este familiarizat\u0103 cu modelul iconic de bulin\u0103 ro\u0219ie \u0219i alb\u0103 din <em>Amanita muscaria<\/em>, cunoscut\u0103 \u0219i sub numele de ciuperca agaric de mu\u0219te. Dar ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 cu veri\u0219oara sa, <em>Amanita verna<\/em>? Ca \u0219i \u00een cazul tuturor <em>Amanitas<\/em>, aceast\u0103 ciuperc\u0103 alb\u0103 mortal\u0103 are o volv\u0103 sau un \"voal\" care \u00eei acoper\u0103 branhiile \u0219i stipele, sau \"tulpina\" de sub p\u0103l\u0103ria ciupercii. \u0218i ca toate <em>Amanitas<\/em>, a <em>Amanita verna<\/em> aka <strong>\"<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Amanita_verna\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ciuperca lui Fool's Mushroom<\/a>\"<\/strong> este o ciuperc\u0103 basidiomicete otr\u0103vitoare. \u00cen cazul \u00een care ciuperca nebun\u0103 se deosebe\u0219te de veri\u0219oarele sale este prin culoarea alb\u0103 palid\u0103 \u0219i o p\u0103l\u0103rie m\u0103t\u0103soas\u0103 care poate p\u0103rea s\u0103 str\u0103luceasc\u0103.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh5.googleusercontent.com\/bWZ2FAv7w8EH_dbvoq1SkN4wQs-UFLscGZkwtg7IEgPySpCJ6lqAOfTFsNQfeGu_V5bbGlMnHhEfGIWM2ni8zleaAyOfpslUdbBSgt-Bb8s2c0OzAGv4LVMnXASUwUatmoHg9H6A\" alt=\"\" width=\"839\" height=\"629\"><p><\/p>\n<figcaption><strong><em>Amanita verna<\/em>, sau Ciuperca lui Fool's Mushroom. <\/strong><em><mark>(Fotografie de Pieria via Wikimedia Commons)<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dac\u0103 sunte\u021bi \u00eentr-o dispozi\u021bie prosteasc\u0103 \u0219i decide\u021bi s\u0103 m\u00e2nca\u021bi o ciuperc\u0103 Fool's Mushroom, v\u0103 pute\u021bi a\u0219tepta la o doz\u0103 mortal\u0103 de alfa-amanitin\u0103 care s\u0103 v\u0103 opreasc\u0103 ficatul \u00een c\u00e2teva zile. \u00cen primele 6 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 24 de ore de la consumarea ei, s-ar putea s\u0103 vi se par\u0103 c\u0103 nu se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 nimic. Dup\u0103 aceast\u0103 perioad\u0103 de \"calm\", \u00eens\u0103, ve\u021bi experimenta o stare de nelini\u0219te, urmat\u0103 de crampe ame\u021bitoare \u0219i diaree. \u00cen a treia zi, simptomele se vor repeta \u0219i apoi se vor opri -f\u0103c\u00e2ndu-\u0219i o prostie din victima sa cu false semne de \u00eens\u0103n\u0103to\u0219ire. \u00cen acest moment, persoana ar putea avea nevoie efectiv de un transplant de ficat. Dar cum simptomele spun altceva, victima se duce de obicei prea t\u00e2rziu la spital \u0219i sf\u00e2r\u0219e\u0219te prin a muri.<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ce-i cu familia de ciuperci <em>Phalloideae<\/em> care \u00eei determin\u0103 pe ciupercile sale s\u0103 ucid\u0103? Cel pu\u021bin este u\u0219or de evitat Ciuperca Pro\u0219tilor, deoarece cre\u0219te doar prim\u0103vara (<em>\"verna\"<\/em>) \u00een loc de sezonul obi\u0219nuit de recoltare, \u00een jurul lunii septembrie.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. Amanita Virosa<em> (Destroying Angel)<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Urm\u0103toarea ciuperc\u0103 mortal\u0103 poate fi g\u0103sit\u0103 \u00een regiunile muntoase din Marea Britanie \u0219i Sco\u021bia, \u00een zonele joase din nordul Sco\u021biei \u0219i \u00een p\u0103durile de conifere din Scandinavia. Privi\u021bi! \u00cenc\u0103 un \u00eenger \u00eentunecat \u00een panteonul ciupercilor: <em>Amanita virosa<\/em>, cunoscut \u0219i sub numele de <strong>\"<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Amanita_virosa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00cengerul distrug\u0103tor<\/a>\"<\/strong>. <\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh4.googleusercontent.com\/ezqm6G7yT2E0ZmMt7mBs0g0PTwfJop6MybC96nz__xWg6C4H1pqU638Ws2q9b7E1W6leXe6khuCbu3fO9xnQMRqs9rpUBWfsxoE0lkOiJMEf61KZRpzzLRa63JsaAmLl7wrMXym8\" alt=\"\" width=\"841\" height=\"520\"><p><\/p>\n<figcaption><strong><em>Amanita virosa<\/em>, sau \u00cenger distrug\u0103tor. <\/strong><em><mark>(Fotografie de \u03a364 via Wikimedia Commons)<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Acela\u0219i tip de otrav\u0103 \u00een <em>Amanita phalloides<\/em> <em>(Ciuperc\u0103 cu capac de moarte)<\/em> poate fi g\u0103sit \u0219i \u00een <em>Amanita virosa<\/em>. Dar, spre deosebire de ciuperca \"Capul mor\u021bii\", \u00cengerul distrug\u0103tor se distinge prin culoarea sa alb\u0103 pur\u0103. De asemenea, nu are mirosul ofensiv al ciupercii capului mor\u021bii, care ajut\u0103 la semnalarea prezen\u021bei sale pentru creaturile care locuiesc \u00een p\u0103dure.<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La fel ca simptomele provocate de ciuperca Fool's Mushroom, efectele consumului de ciuperci Destroying Angel se vor manifesta - \u0219i apoi vor disp\u0103rea timp de c\u00e2teva ore, p\u00e2n\u0103 la o zi sau dou\u0103. Acela\u0219i truc crud pentru a face victima s\u0103 cread\u0103 c\u0103 este <em>\"vindecare\"<\/em>. Cur\u00e2nd simptomele revin: grea\u021b\u0103, dureri de stomac \u0219i diaree, de data aceasta afect\u00e2nd \u00een \u00eentregime rinichii \u0219i ficatul. Dac\u0103 nu este tratat, bietul om poate ajunge \u00een com\u0103 \u0219i poate suferi o moarte inevitabil\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">De cele mai multe ori, victimele \u00cengerului Distrug\u0103tor sunt aduse la spital prea t\u00e2rziu dup\u0103 ce au fost otr\u0103vite. \u00cen acest moment, singura solu\u021bie ar fi un transplant de ficat. Chiar \u0219i <em>c\u0103<\/em> nu reprezint\u0103 o garan\u021bie pentru supravie\u021buire. Recuperarea este un act periculos \u0219i dureros, un act dureros de s\u00e2rm\u0103 \u00eentins\u0103, \u00een care corpul dumneavoastr\u0103 se obi\u0219nuie\u0219te cu un organ str\u0103in.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. Amanita phalloides <em>(Death Cap)<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Timp de mii de ani, ultima ciuperc\u0103 de pe lista noastr\u0103 a fost folosit\u0103 ca instrument de crim\u0103. Ea ucide \u00een lini\u0219te \u0219i nu se teme s\u0103 asasineze regi \u0219i so\u021bi afemeia\u021bi deopotriv\u0103. Capacitatea sa de a cre\u0219te cercuri de corpuri fructifere, numite <strong><em>\"inele de z\u00e2n\u0103\"<\/em><\/strong><em>,<\/em> a legat-o de mitologia vr\u0103jitoarelor \u0219i a spiritelor naturii. Ucide cu o cantitate infim\u0103, c\u00e2\u0219tig\u00e2ndu-\u0219i reputa\u021bia de arm\u0103 criminal\u0103 invizibil\u0103 perfect\u0103. Doamnelor \u0219i domnilor, ave\u021bi grij\u0103...<em> <\/em><strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Amanita_phalloides\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Capacul mor\u021bii<\/a><\/em><\/strong>! &nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh6.googleusercontent.com\/6wxFhPOWEqS0jHZLquoKeJnnUt-x-m5YrzDdI_2uJPg0SmeoXNr3edjtldgxvGWVa6V5M0eM_U_Y98uRsOp0ba7rBEmlkv6EAaWJkV_4LI4JfXgDOibfdzNZKwwIY33Sb-vRTLbF\" alt=\"\" width=\"841\" height=\"601\"><p><\/p>\n<figcaption><strong><em>Amanita phalloides<\/em>, sau Death Cap. <\/strong><em><mark>(Fotografie de Daniel Neal via Wikimedia Commons)<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen Roma antic\u0103, se zvonea c\u0103 \u00eemp\u0103ratul Claudius ar fi fost <strong>ucis<\/strong> de c\u0103tre so\u021bia sa, Agrippina, prin stropirea uneia dintre mesele sale preferate - ciupercile lui Caesar (<em>Amanita caesarea<\/em>) - cu zeama translucid\u0103 a capacului mor\u021bii. \u00cemp\u0103ratul nu a b\u0103nuit nimic, deoarece simptomele au ap\u0103rut abia dup\u0103 c\u00e2teva zile. Otrava a func\u021bionat, bine\u00een\u021beles, iar Claudius a murit spre bucuria so\u021biei sale. Sau cel pu\u021bin a\u0219a spune legenda...<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Filozoful francez Voltaire spusese \u0219i el c\u0103 Carol al VI-lea a fost <strong>asasinat<\/strong> cu ajutorul ciupercilor Death Cap. Exist\u0103 nenum\u0103rate alte decese pe care acestea le-au provocat de-a lungul istoriei. Gre\u0219eala comun\u0103? S\u0103 crezi c\u0103 ciupercile \"capia mor\u021bii\" sunt comestibile, mai ales \u00een stadiul de buton.<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Unde cre\u0219te plafonul mor\u021bii? Aceast\u0103 ciuperc\u0103 mortal\u0103 poate fi g\u0103sit\u0103 \u00een grupuri, distan\u021bate \u00eentre ele, \u00een special sub stejari \u0219i fagi. Capacele mor\u021bii pot fi g\u0103site cu u\u0219urin\u021b\u0103 \u00een cea mai mare parte a Regatului Unit, a Irlandei \u0219i a Europei continentale.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Spre deosebire de unele ciuperci mortale anterioare pe care le-am inclus aici, amatoxina din p\u0103l\u0103ria mor\u021bii nu poate fi eliminat\u0103 prin nicio metod\u0103 de g\u0103tit sau de \u00eenc\u0103lzire. Un simplu v\u00e2rf de cu\u021bit de <em>Amanita phalloides<\/em> este letal\u0103. Acest lucru face ca o singur\u0103 ciuperc\u0103 s\u0103 fie suficient de otr\u0103vitoare pentru a ucide <em>mai multe<\/em> du\u0219mani ai cur\u021bii!<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Aparen\u021bele pot fi \u00een\u0219el\u0103toare<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Re\u021bine\u021bi \u00eentotdeauna c\u0103 anumite tipuri de ciuperci pot fi de o frumuse\u021be hipnotizant\u0103. <em>\u0219i<\/em> extrem de periculoas\u0103 \u00een acela\u0219i timp - cum ar fi \u00eengerul distrug\u0103tor. \u00cen plus, ciupercile mortale pot p\u0103rea inofensive pentru un ochi neexperimentat. Un germene <em>Amanita<\/em>de exemplu, seam\u0103n\u0103 cu un bebelu\u0219 <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Puffball\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">puffball<\/a><\/strong>. \u0218i nu po\u021bi fi sigur care este care, dec\u00e2t dac\u0103 scobe\u0219ti voalul \u0219i observi branhiile din interior, ceea ce ar confirma toxicitatea sa.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Regula de aur este c\u0103, dac\u0103 ave\u021bi \u00eendoieli, l\u0103sa\u021bi ciupercile \u00een pace. Un ghid de ciuperci online u\u0219or de \u00een\u021beles va oferi o plas\u0103 de siguran\u021b\u0103 celor care doresc s\u0103 caute ciuperci. Versiunile bune includ adesea imagini \u00een culori ale ciupercilor mortale care s\u0103 se potriveasc\u0103 cu descrierile lor. Dar cele mai bune ar trebui s\u0103 aib\u0103 o baz\u0103 de date \u00een care s\u0103 pute\u021bi introduce tr\u0103s\u0103turi ale specimenelor, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t s\u0103 pute\u021bi identifica orice specie.<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Din fericire, nu trebuie s\u0103 ne facem griji \u00een privin\u021ba ciupercilor \u0219i a trufelor de la <em>magie<\/em> varietate, \u00een special cu kiturile noastre de cultivare. Site-ul <em>Psilocybe<\/em> Speciile arat\u0103 destul de dr\u0103gu\u021b pentru a lua o gustare,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/ro\/blog\/ciupercile-magice-sunt-cel-mai-usor-drog-recreativ\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>\u0219i ei sunt<\/b><\/a><strong>! <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/o8I0SjZfMxqmrqwCEDjq16PqogdeA1rHtz66eHt4tSzcxKGHoWIynoMFQXVw3tXGyU4aUkW8UcmjHe_SFOd96zdhyD9Gl1XNvgbqqX-wiblbXG4SB6qtapFfhMsIYbfWhf8f5atr\" alt=\"\" width=\"464\" height=\"464\"><\/figure>\n<p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nu m\u00e2nca\u021bi niciodat\u0103 o ciuperc\u0103 dac\u0103 nu \u0219ti\u021bi exact ce este.\u00a0<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":57089,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[68],"tags":[],"topics":[],"class_list":["post-57080","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science-and-studies"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57080","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=57080"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57080\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":124109,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57080\/revisions\/124109"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/57089"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=57080"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=57080"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=57080"},{"taxonomy":"topics","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topics?post=57080"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}