{"id":120527,"date":"2023-04-25T14:37:50","date_gmt":"2023-04-25T12:37:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/?p=120527"},"modified":"2023-05-03T16:35:00","modified_gmt":"2023-05-03T14:35:00","slug":"the-study-that-uses-math-to-explain-geometric-hallucinations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/sk\/blog\/studia-ktora-vyuziva-mat-na-vysvetlenie-geometrickych-halucinacii\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0160t\u00fadia, ktor\u00e1 vyu\u017e\u00edva matematiku na vysvetlenie geometrick\u00fdch halucin\u00e1ci\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

V celej na\u0161ej spolo\u010dnej hist\u00f3rii n\u00e1s sp\u00e1ja spolo\u010dn\u00e1 sk\u00fasenos\u0165, ktor\u00e1 presahuje hranice miesta a doby. Nie\u010do, \u010do m\u00e1talo a fascinovalo u\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov psychedel\u00edk od minulosti a\u017e po s\u00fa\u010dasnos\u0165 - samozrejme, hovor\u00edme o geometrick\u00fdch vizu\u00e1lnych halucin\u00e1ci\u00e1ch.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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cez Wikimedia Commons<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

V matematike je k\u00fazlo<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Prem\u00fd\u0161\u013eajte o tom! \u010ci u\u017e to bol starovek\u00fd Azt\u00e9k, tvoja teta v 70. rokoch, alebo vy<\/strong> minul\u00fd t\u00fd\u017ede\u0148, je pravdepodobn\u00e9, \u017ee ste vo svojom zraku videli rovnak\u00e9 n\u00e1padn\u00e9 geometrick\u00e9 obrazce. Dos\u0165 psychedelick\u00e1 my\u0161lienka, \u010do poviete? Prekon\u00e1vaj\u00face \u010das, miesto a identitu - ako nejak\u00fd druh pr\u00edrodnej m\u00e1gie. Alebo, ako nazna\u010duj\u00fa ned\u00e1vne \u0161t\u00fadie, mo\u017eno nie\u010do... matematick\u00e9? <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zam\u00fd\u0161\u013eali ste sa niekedy nad t\u00fdm, pre\u010do psychedelik\u00e1 sp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa tak\u00fa intenz\u00edvnu halucin\u00e1cie<\/a>? Nie ste sami. \u013dudia sa u\u017e st\u00e1ro\u010dia sna\u017eia odpoveda\u0165 na ot\u00e1zku, ako psychedelik\u00e1 ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa na\u0161u myse\u013e. Je to ot\u00e1zka, ktor\u00e1 aj v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti unik\u00e1 dne\u0161n\u00fdm vedeck\u00fdm technol\u00f3gi\u00e1m. Technol\u00f3gia zobrazovania mozgu je tak\u00e1 vyspel\u00e1, ako nikdy predt\u00fdm, a napriek tomu t\u00e1to ot\u00e1zka st\u00e1le tr\u00e1pi vedcov, v\u00fdskumn\u00edkov, psychonautov a \u010fal\u0161\u00edch. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"N\u00e1padn\u00e9\" vizu\u00e1lne halucin\u00e1cie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A papier<\/a> publikovan\u00fd v \u010dasopise Kr\u00e1\u013eovskej spolo\u010dnosti v roku 2000 s n\u00e1zvom Geometrick\u00e9 zrakov\u00e9 halucin\u00e1cie, euklidovsk\u00e1 symetria a funk\u010dn\u00e1 architekt\u00fara striatnej k\u00f4ry, <\/em>Cie\u013eom bolo presk\u00fama\u0165, pre\u010do vid\u00edme tieto tvary, ke\u010f sme na psychedelick\u00fdch l\u00e1tkach. Str\u00e1nka \"n\u00e1padn\u00e9\" <\/em>zrakov\u00e9 halucin\u00e1cie boli rozdelen\u00e9 do \u0161tyroch skup\u00edn: 1. Ro\u0161ty, mrie\u017eky, pra\u017ece, filigr\u00e1ny, v\u010delie pl\u00e1sty a \u0161achovnice. <\/em>2. \"pavu\u010diny\".  <\/em>3. \"tunely, lieviky, uli\u010dky, ku\u017eele a n\u00e1doby\". <\/em>4. \"\u0161pir\u00e1ly\". <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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cez Wikimedia Commons<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sp\u00f4sob, ak\u00fdm ch\u00e1peme tieto psychedelick\u00e9 vizu\u00e1lne halucin\u00e1cie, m\u00e1 korene v matematike, psychol\u00f3gii, neurol\u00f3gii a kognit\u00edvnych ved\u00e1ch. Na \u0161t\u00fadii sa podie\u013eali matematici z univerz\u00edt v Chicagu, Houstone a Utahu, ako aj v\u00fdskumn\u00edci zo Salkovho in\u0161tit\u00fatu pre biologick\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fadie a NIH. Uk\u00e1zalo sa, \u017ee geometria by mohla by\u0165 k\u013e\u00fa\u010dom, ktor\u00fd odomkne odpovede o psychedelick\u00fdch halucin\u00e1ci\u00e1ch. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ako teda \u0161t\u00fadia dopadla?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Geometrick\u00e9 vizu\u00e1lne vnemy s\u00fa sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 pruhovanou k\u00f4rou<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Na z\u00e1klade matematickej a tvarovej te\u00f3rie v\u00fdskumn\u00edci predpokladali, \u017ee na\u0161a sietnica vizu\u00e1lna k\u00f4ra<\/a> a s n\u00edm spojen\u00e9 neur\u00f3nov\u00e9 obvody sp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa psychedelick\u00e9 vizu\u00e1lne efekty. Predpokladaj\u00fa, \u017ee je to \"vzory spojen\u00ed\" <\/em> medzi t\u00fdmito prvkami, ktor\u00e9 by mohli by\u0165 zodpovedn\u00e9 za tieto halucin\u00e1cie po\u010das u\u017e\u00edvania psychedel\u00edk. Je to zlo\u017eit\u00fd syst\u00e9m, ktor\u00fd treba rozl\u00fa\u0161ti\u0165, ale urobili sa zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 objavy, ktor\u00e9 by sa mohli \u010falej sk\u00fama\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Foto: Hal Gatewood on Unsplash<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

V mozgu pruhovan\u00e1 k\u00f4ra<\/a> je oblas\u0165, ktor\u00e1 je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e1 pre de\u0161ifrovanie vizu\u00e1lnych inform\u00e1ci\u00ed. Obsahuje bunky zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 prisp\u00f4soben\u00e9 ur\u010dit\u00fdm prvkom. Patria k nim l\u00ednie, tvary, hrany a orient\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa usporiadan\u00e9 do usporiadan\u00e9ho dizajnu. To sp\u00f4sobuje, \u017ee susedn\u00e9 bunky reaguj\u00fa na tieto prvky podobne. Tento syst\u00e9m u\u013eah\u010duje mozgu spracovanie toho, \u010do vid\u00edme. Umo\u017e\u0148uje mu tie\u017e vykon\u00e1va\u0165 svoju pr\u00e1cu s najvy\u0161\u0161ou \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165ou. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Halucin\u00e1cie v dokonalej symetrii<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Geometrick\u00e9 zrakov\u00e9 halucin\u00e1cie s\u00fa typom halucin\u00e1ci\u00ed, preto\u017ee sa vyzna\u010duj\u00fa vn\u00edman\u00edm geometrick\u00fdch vzorov a tvarov. Tieto zrakov\u00e9 halucin\u00e1cie maj\u00fa tendenciu zah\u0155\u0148a\u0165 euklidovsk\u00fa symetriu. Ide o typ symetrie spojen\u00fd so symetrick\u00fdmi geometrick\u00fdmi tvarmi a vzormi - v s\u00falade s princ\u00edpmi Euklidovsk\u00e1 geometria<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Euklidovsk\u00e1 geometria (cez Wikimedia Commons)<\/em><\/mark><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tento v\u00fdskum nazna\u010duje, \u017ee za vznik t\u00fdchto geometrick\u00fdch vizu\u00e1lnych halucin\u00e1ci\u00ed by mohla by\u0165 zodpovedn\u00e1 \u0161trukt\u00fara striatnej k\u00f4ry. Ke\u010f sa aktivita v tejto oblasti naru\u0161\u00ed, napr\u00edklad prostredn\u00edctvom u\u017e\u00edvania psychedel\u00edk, bunky, ktor\u00e9 inklinuj\u00fa k ur\u010dit\u00fdm vizu\u00e1lnym charakteristik\u00e1m (napr\u00edklad tie, ktor\u00e9 s\u00favisia s euklidovskou symetriou) <\/em>s\u00fa aktivovan\u00e9 a sp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa, \u017ee \u010dlovek vid\u00ed tento typ halucin\u00e1ci\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tento n\u00e1vrh podporuje v\u00fdskum, ktor\u00fd uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee psychedelik\u00e1, ako napr\u00edklad psilocyb\u00edn z magick\u00fdch h\u00fab a LSD, m\u00f4\u017eu vyvola\u0165 geometrick\u00e9 vizu\u00e1lne halucin\u00e1cie podobn\u00e9 t\u00fdm, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 stavmi, ako s\u00fa migr\u00e9na<\/a> alebo Syndr\u00f3m Charlesa Bonneta<\/a>. Tieto halucin\u00e1cie sa tie\u017e vyzna\u010duj\u00fa zlo\u017eit\u00fdmi geometrick\u00fdmi vzormi a tvarmi, ktor\u00e9 vykazuj\u00fa vysok\u00fd stupe\u0148 symetrie. To posil\u0148uje my\u0161lienku, \u017ee za t\u00fdmito halucin\u00e1ciami m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 funk\u010dn\u00e1 organiz\u00e1cia pruhovanej k\u00f4ry. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00e1hada sa bl\u00ed\u017ei k vyrie\u0161eniu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00e1kladom \u0161t\u00fadie bolo odhali\u0165, ako s\u00favis\u00ed fyzick\u00e9 fungovanie striatnej k\u00f4ry s klasickou psychedelickou geometrickou halucin\u00e1ciou. Zatia\u013e sa presne nevie, \u010do tento vz\u0165ah sp\u00f4sobuje, ale tento r\u00e1mec n\u00e1m m\u00f4\u017ee pom\u00f4c\u0165 pochopi\u0165, pre\u010do psychedelik\u00e1 alebo in\u00e9 du\u0161evn\u00e9 zmeny m\u00f4\u017eu sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 tieto z\u00e1\u017eitky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tak\u017ee, hoci je st\u00e1le z\u00e1hadou, pre\u010do pr\u00e1ve starovek\u00fd Azt\u00e9k, va\u0161a teta v 70. rokoch a vy<\/strong> minul\u00fd t\u00fd\u017ede\u0148 videl tieto geometrick\u00e9 vizu\u00e1ly po\u010das tripu s psychedel\u00edkmi, tento d\u00f4kaz ur\u010dite poukazuje na to, \u017ee na\u0161e vizu\u00e1lne vn\u00edmanie je ovplyvnen\u00e9 \u0161trukt\u00farou striatnej k\u00f4ry mozgu. V\u00fdskumom neurol\u00f3gov sa zistilo, \u017ee mozog m\u00e1 v sebe zabudovan\u00fa preferenciu rozpozn\u00e1vania vzorov a geometrick\u00fdch tvarov. Vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa sa tak zn\u00e1me formy, ktor\u00e9 na\u0161a myse\u013e in\u0161tinkt\u00edvne rozpozn\u00e1va. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nov\u00e9 ch\u00e1panie psychedelick\u00e9ho z\u00e1\u017eitku <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Tieto vedeck\u00e9 zistenia v kombin\u00e1cii s mno\u017estvom anekdotick\u00fdch \u00fadajov, ktor\u00e9 poskytuj\u00fa u\u017e\u00edvatelia psychedel\u00edk, by mohli by\u0165 sp\u00f4sobom, ako pokro\u010di\u0165 v na\u0161om ch\u00e1pan\u00ed toho, pre\u010do sa po\u010das halucin\u00e1cie objavuj\u00fa \u0161pecifick\u00e9 vizu\u00e1lne predstavy. Nech u\u017e je pr\u00ed\u010dinou tohto javu \u010doko\u013evek, tento v\u00fdskum ur\u010dite povedie k nov\u00e9mu ch\u00e1paniu vedy o viden\u00ed, psychedelick\u00fdch z\u00e1\u017eitkoch a vedom\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Foto: Harry Quan on Unsplash<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u013dudia experimentovali s psychedel\u00edkmi od nepam\u00e4ti. Na\u0161i d\u00e1vni predkovia, rovnako ako my, za\u017eili duchovn\u00e9, emocion\u00e1lne a intelektu\u00e1lne prebudenie prostredn\u00edctvom psychedelick\u00fdch rastl\u00edn a h\u00fab. <\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":120696,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[88],"tags":[],"topics":[],"class_list":["post-120527","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-psychedelic-studies"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/120527","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=120527"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/120527\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":122163,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/120527\/revisions\/122163"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/120696"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=120527"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=120527"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=120527"},{"taxonomy":"topics","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topics?post=120527"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}