{"id":150530,"date":"2023-08-28T15:49:16","date_gmt":"2023-08-28T13:49:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/?p=150530"},"modified":"2023-08-28T15:49:23","modified_gmt":"2023-08-28T13:49:23","slug":"magic-mushrooms-species-strains-and-cultivars-explained","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/sk\/blog\/magic-mushrooms-species-strains-and-cultivars-explained\/","title":{"rendered":"Magick\u00e9 huby: Vysvetlen\u00e9 druhy, kmene a kultivary"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tak\u017ee chce\u0161 pestova\u0165 huby? V\u00fdborne! Dostupnos\u0165 vopred nao\u010dkovan\u00fdch s\u00fapravy na pestovanie magick\u00fdch h\u00fab<\/a> znamen\u00e1, \u017ee nikdy nebolo jednoduch\u0161ie ma\u0165 z\u00e1soby psilocyb\u00ednu priamo tam<\/strong> vo va\u0161om vlastnom dome. Ak sa chcete s hubami zozn\u00e1mi\u0165 do h\u013abky<\/strong>, existuje mnoho typov sp\u00f3ry<\/a> v ponuke, aby ste sa mohli stara\u0165 o cel\u00fd proces pestovania. Je v\u0161ak \u013eahk\u00e9 ochromi\u0165 sa pri prvom n\u00e1kupe. Je tie\u017e be\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee sa nech\u00e1te zahlti\u0165 t\u00fdm, \u010do v\u0161etko<\/strong> r\u00f4zne podmienky<\/strong> lietanie okolo <\/strong>- ako napr. kme\u0148, druh alebo odroda<\/em><\/strong> - <\/em>v skuto\u010dnosti znamen\u00e1<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Mnoh\u00e9 z t\u00fdchto fr\u00e1z sa medzi \u013eu\u010fmi s men\u0161\u00edmi odborn\u00fdmi znalos\u0165ami objavuj\u00fa svojvo\u013ene, ale v skuto\u010dnosti maj\u00fa \u0161pecifick\u00e9 v\u00fdznamy<\/strong>. A ich znalos\u0165, hoci nie je nevyhnutn\u00e1, m\u00f4\u017ee v\u00e1m pom\u00f4\u017eu c\u00edti\u0165 sa istej\u0161ie a informovanej\u0161ie, ke\u010f sa vyd\u00e1te na cestu pestovania h\u00fab.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010co je to druh magickej huby?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Najjednoduch\u0161ie je porozumie\u0165 t\u00fdmto pojmom druhy<\/strong>. Druhy s\u00fa odli\u0161n\u00e9 genetick\u00e9 l\u00ednie organizmu. S\u00fa to sa vo v\u0161eobecnosti nem\u00f4\u017eu kr\u00ed\u017ei\u0165,<\/strong> existuje v\u0161ak nieko\u013eko hybridn\u00fdch v\u00fdnimiek. Patr\u00ed k nim mulica - potomok ko\u0148a a osla - a liger - v\u00fdsledok spojenia leva a tigra. Pokia\u013e v\u0161ak ide o psychedelick\u00e9 huby, v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti neexistuj\u00fa \u017eiadne (zn\u00e1my) <\/em>hybridy. Dohodnut\u00e9 ch\u00e1panie rozdielov medzi druhmi s\u00favis\u00ed s ich \u0161pecifick\u00e9 genetick\u00e9 zlo\u017eenie<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 mo\u017eno identifikova\u0165 v laborat\u00f3riu. T\u00e1to identifik\u00e1cia sa m\u00f4\u017ee pou\u017ei\u0165 na porovnanie s in\u00fdmi identifikovan\u00fdmi druhmi. Aj na tejto \u00farovni sa v\u0161ak e\u0161te st\u00e1le d\u00e1 ve\u013ea zisti\u0165 o \u00fa\u010dinnosti a genetike. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee sa pravidelne objavuj\u00fa preklasifikovania druhov, premenovania a protichodn\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy o obsahu alkaloidov.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Nie hr\u00edb, ale mulica... (Foto: George Potter on Unsplash)<\/mark><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0Pri preh\u013ead\u00e1van\u00ed trhu so sp\u00f3rami je u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 h\u013eada\u0165 Latinsk\u00fd n\u00e1zov<\/strong>. Psilocybe cubensis<\/a> <\/em>je ob\u013e\u00faben\u00e1 medzi pestovate\u013emi psychedelick\u00fdch h\u00fab; pestuje sa pomerne \u013eahko a je pln\u00e1 triptychov. V latinskom syst\u00e9me pomenovan\u00ed je prv\u00e9 slovo (napr. Psilocybe<\/strong>) <\/em>je rod. Po \u0148om nasleduje druh (napr. cubensis<\/strong>). <\/em>Ak si prezer\u00e1te sp\u00f3ry a ich latinsk\u00e9 n\u00e1zvy sa l\u00ed\u0161ia, znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee ide o dva samostatn\u00e9 druhy a nem\u00f4\u017eu (pokia\u013e vieme) <\/em>skr\u00ed\u017ei\u0165, aby vznikol hybrid. Napr\u00edklad nem\u00f4\u017eete prekro\u010di\u0165<\/strong> Psilocybe cubensis <\/em>s Psilocybe mexicana<\/em>, nech sa sna\u017e\u00edte akoko\u013evek.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010co je kme\u0148 magick\u00fdch h\u00fab?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ke\u010f prekro\u010d\u00edme latinsky pomenovan\u00e9 autority druhov, na\u0161e vedomosti sa m\u00f4\u017eu sta\u0165 trochu nejasnej\u0161\u00edmi. Defin\u00edcie pojmov ako napr. kme\u0148 <\/em><\/strong>alebo odroda<\/strong> <\/em>sa vedci st\u00e1le sporia. V skuto\u010dnosti ich ka\u017ed\u00e1 biologick\u00e1 discipl\u00edna definuje trochu inak! V\u0161eobecne v\u0161ak plat\u00ed, \u017ee, v\u0161etky kmene by mali poch\u00e1dza\u0165 z rovnak\u00e9ho druhu<\/strong> (naj\u010dastej\u0161ie Psilocybe cubensis)<\/em> a s\u00fa schopn\u00e9 kr\u00ed\u017eenia<\/strong>. Pr\u00edkladom je v\u00ed\u0165az s\u00fa\u0165a\u017ee v apr\u00edli 2021 Oakland Hyphae Psilocybin Cup<\/a> -na Pr\u00edlivov\u00e1 vlna<\/strong> kme\u0148 - ktor\u00fd bol v\u00fdsledkom kr\u00ed\u017eenia medzi B+<\/a> a Z\u00e1vis\u0165 penisu<\/a> kmene.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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cez Unsplash<\/mark><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00e1mern\u00e9 kr\u00ed\u017eenie kme\u0148ov magick\u00fdch h\u00fab sk\u00fasen\u00fdmi pestovate\u013emi m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k mut\u00e1ci\u00e1m, ako s\u00fa bez v\u00fdtrusov<\/strong> alebo alb\u00edni<\/strong> verzie Psilocybe cubensis. <\/em>Samotn\u00e9 vy\u0161\u013eachtenie jedn\u00e9ho bl\u00e1zniv\u00e9ho hybridu v\u0161ak nemus\u00ed nutne znamena\u0165, \u017ee ste vytvorili nov\u00fd kme\u0148. A skuto\u010dn\u00fd kme\u0148<\/strong> by mali by\u0165 reprodukovate\u013en\u00fd<\/strong> pri ka\u017edom pokuse<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 pretrv\u00e1vaj\u00fa v rovnak\u00e9 vlastnosti.<\/strong> Preto sa kmene spravidla daj\u00fa spr\u00e1vne udr\u017eiava\u0165 len klonovan\u00edm.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010co je to kultiv\u00e1r magickej huby?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

To n\u00e1s priv\u00e1dza ku \"kultivovan\u00fdm odrod\u00e1m\" alebokultivary<\/strong>'. Tieto klony nie s\u00fa geneticky identick\u00e9 a s\u00fa vypestovan\u00e9 zo sp\u00f3r. Ke\u010f\u017ee v\u0161ak ide o kr\u00ed\u017eenca, ka\u017ed\u00e1 sp\u00f3ra obsahuje n\u00e1hodn\u00fa zmes polovice genetick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu rodi\u010dov. (rovnako ako vy!) <\/em>To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee aj ke\u010f tieto sp\u00f3ry poch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa z ur\u010dit\u00e9ho kme\u0148a, ka\u017ed\u00e1 huba, ktor\u00e1 z nich vyrastie, bude ma\u0165 svoje vlastn\u00e9 odli\u0161n\u00e9 genetick\u00e9 vlastnosti<\/strong>. Ak sa tento proces opakuje dostato\u010dne \u010dasto, pri\u010dom ka\u017ed\u00e1 nov\u00e1 sada v\u00fdtrusov sa \u0161\u013eacht\u00ed postupne, va\u0161e huby nakoniec zanechaj\u00fa definovan\u00e9 vlastnosti p\u00f4vodn\u00e9ho kme\u0148a, z ktor\u00e9ho ste ich vy\u0161\u013eachtili. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Psilocybe cubensis sp\u00f3ry (cez Wikimedia Commons)<\/em><\/mark><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

To nemus\u00ed by\u0165 nevyhnutne zl\u00e9; m\u00f4\u017ee to podnieti\u0165 nov\u00fd<\/strong> a zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 mut\u00e1cie<\/strong>. Selekt\u00edvnym \u0161\u013eachten\u00edm je mo\u017en\u00e9 stabilizova\u0165 aj odrody. To sa d\u00e1 dosiahnu\u0165 odobrat\u00edm sp\u00f3r z gener\u00e1ci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 vykazuj\u00fa \u017eiaduce vlastnosti<\/strong>. Patr\u00ed medzi ne \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165, r\u00fdchlos\u0165 rastu a preferencia substr\u00e1tu. Je to v\u0161ak ove\u013ea menej spo\u013eahliv\u00e9 ako klonovanie kme\u0148ov.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vysvetlenie druhov, kme\u0148ov a odr\u00f4d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Tak a je to! D\u00fafame, \u017ee ste z\u00edskali jasnej\u0161ie inform\u00e1cie o tom, \u010do znamen\u00e1 druh, kme\u0148 a kultivar, ke\u010f ide o magick\u00e9 huby, bez oh\u013eadu na to, \u010di si pr\u00e1ve vyhrniete ruk\u00e1vy a pust\u00edte sa do pestovania, alebo chcete by\u0165 jednoducho v obraze, ke\u010f sa budete rozpr\u00e1va\u0165 so svojimi kolegami, ktor\u00ed sa zaoberaj\u00fa mykol\u00f3giou.<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

A teraz ste u\u017e odborn\u00edk a m\u00f4\u017eete si pozrie\u0165 cel\u00fa na\u0161u ponuku sp\u00f3r magick\u00fdch h\u00fab a pestovate\u013esk\u00fdch s\u00faprav! <\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti sa viac \u013eud\u00ed ako kedyko\u013evek predt\u00fdm venuje pestovaniu vlastn\u00fdch h\u00fab. Je to fascinuj\u00faca a obohacuj\u00faca oblas\u0165, ale pre za\u010diato\u010dn\u00edkov m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 aj trochu m\u00e4t\u00faca. Mno\u017estvo dostupn\u00fdch mo\u017enost\u00ed, \u010di u\u017e ide o pestovanie z mali\u010dk\u00fdch v\u00fdtrusov, alebo z hotovej nao\u010dkovanej pestovate\u013eskej s\u00fapravy, m\u00f4\u017ee niekedy sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 zm\u00e4tok. Ke\u010f sa \u013eudia za\u010dn\u00fa oh\u00e1\u0148a\u0165 pojmami ako \"kme\u0148\", \"kultivar\" alebo \"druh\", m\u00f4\u017ee v\u00e1s to prin\u00fati\u0165 zamyslie\u0165 sa, \u010di nepotrebujete diplom z mykol\u00f3gie, aby ste mohli za\u010da\u0165. My sme tu v\u0161ak na to, aby sme v\u00e1m svet h\u00fab objasnili pomocou pojmov druh, kme\u0148 a kultivar: Vysvetlenie...<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":150542,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[121],"tags":[],"topics":[],"class_list":["post-150530","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mycology"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/150530","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=150530"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/150530\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":150563,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/150530\/revisions\/150563"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/150542"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=150530"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=150530"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=150530"},{"taxonomy":"topics","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topics?post=150530"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}