{"id":64916,"date":"2022-06-14T17:48:29","date_gmt":"2022-06-14T15:48:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/?p=64916"},"modified":"2023-05-09T11:03:55","modified_gmt":"2023-05-09T09:03:55","slug":"how-psychedelics-affect-your-perception-of-time","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/sk\/blog\/ako-psychedelika-vplyvaju-na-vnimanie-casu\/","title":{"rendered":"Ako psychedelik\u00e1 ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa vn\u00edmanie \u010dasu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ke\u010f Alica vpadne do Krajiny z\u00e1zrakov, \u010das sa oh\u00fdba a be\u017e\u00ed okolo, zosobnen\u00fd ako trikster. Ke\u010f sa Max vr\u00e1ti z b\u00farliv\u00fdch dobrodru\u017estiev v knihe Kde s\u00fa div\u00e9 veci, zist\u00ed, \u017ee ve\u010dera, ktor\u00fa mu nechala mama, je e\u0161te tepl\u00e1. Nepre\u0161iel takmer \u017eiadny \u010das, a predsa sa zmenili. Videli a za\u017eili k\u00fazlo.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Krajina z\u00e1zrakov (cez Wikimedia Commons)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Psychedelik\u00e1 a \u010das<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Psychedelick\u00e9 v\u00fdlety s\u00fa na tom podobne. Psychonauts<\/a> uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa pocit, \u017ee ke\u010f sa potkn\u00fa, \u010das sa akoby natiahne, odpadne, prestane znamena\u0165. <\/span>\u010doko\u013evek <\/span><\/i>naozaj. Mnoh\u00ed \u013eudia maj\u00fa psychick\u00e9 z\u00e1\u017eitky, ktor\u00e9 im zmenia \u017eivot - uvedomenia, zmeny vn\u00edmania, okamihy jasnosti a pokoja - a ktor\u00e9 nav\u017edy zmenia ich \u017eivot v nepsychedelickej rovine. Tento druh du\u0161evn\u00e9ho dobrodru\u017estva a rastu m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 tak\u00fd v\u0161eobj\u00edmaj\u00faci, \u017ee m\u00e1te pocit, akoby ste boli \"pre\u010d\" cel\u00e9 veky<\/span>. Zist\u00edte v\u0161ak. m\u00e1 <\/span>naozaj len nieko\u013eko hod\u00edn. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
(Foto: Elena Koycheva on Unsplash<\/em>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u010cas let\u00ed, ke\u010f sa bav\u00edte<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Vn\u00edmanie \u010dasu je hlboko spojen\u00e9 s na\u0161\u00edm vedom\u00edm. Prem\u00fd\u0161\u013eajte o tom - c\u00edtite ho de\u0148 \u010do de\u0148. Od sledovania hod\u00edn, ktor\u00e9 pomaly odr\u00e1tavaj\u00fa min\u00faty po\u010das nudnej predn\u00e1\u0161ky, a\u017e po uvedomenie si, \u017ee ubehli hodiny pri dohov\u00e1ran\u00ed s priate\u013emi - v\u0161etko je to o tom, na \u010do sa s\u00fastred\u00edme a ak\u00fd to m\u00e1 vz\u0165ah k n\u00e1m. \"\u010cas let\u00ed, ke\u010f sa bav\u00edte\". <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sk\u00famanie tajomstiev vedomia <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Psychedelik\u00e1 sa r\u00fdchlo st\u00e1vaj\u00fa ob\u013e\u00faben\u00fdm n\u00e1strojom vedcov a psychol\u00f3gov na sk\u00famanie fungovania \u013eudskej mysle. S nimi v skrinke sme bli\u017e\u0161ie ako kedyko\u013evek predt\u00fdm k pochopeniu tajomstiev vedomia. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ke\u010f \u010dlovek za\u017e\u00edva smr\u0165 ega<\/a> alebo osvietenie z psychedel\u00edk, s\u00fa do\u010dasne osloboden\u00ed od \"ja\". Oslobodzuj\u00fa sa od svojich neist\u00f4t a pr\u00edzemn\u00fdch starost\u00ed a m\u00f4\u017eu vidie\u0165 \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed obraz. Ak je na\u0161e vn\u00edmanie \u010dasu tak ve\u013emi sp\u00e4t\u00e9 s na\u0161\u00edm vn\u00edman\u00edm seba sam\u00e9ho, je \u00faplne logick\u00e9, \u017ee ke\u010f sa na\u0161e \"ja\" alebo <\/span>ego <\/span><\/i>sa st\u00e1va menej dominantn\u00fdm, zmen\u00ed sa aj n\u00e1\u0161 zmysel pre \u010das. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Je v\u0161ak pochopite\u013en\u00e9, \u017ee tento druh t\u00e9my sa \u0165a\u017eko sk\u00fama alebo sa pre\u0148 h\u013eadaj\u00fa presved\u010div\u00e9 d\u00f4kazy. Iste, existuje mno\u017estvo anekdotick\u00fdch pr\u00edbehov, ale vedci <\/span>s\u00fa <\/span><\/i>sna\u017e\u00ed sa ho e\u0161te viac stla\u010di\u0165. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
cez Pixabay<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

V 50. a 60. rokoch minul\u00e9ho storo\u010dia, ke\u010f boli psychedelik\u00e1 leg\u00e1lne a intenz\u00edvne sa sk\u00famali, sa t\u00fdmto fenom\u00e9nom za\u010dali zaobera\u0165 vedci. \u0160t\u00fadia, <\/span>Klinick\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fadie dietylamidu kyseliny lysergovej<\/a><\/span><\/i> uverejnenej v roku 1954 sa zistilo, \u017ee z 23 dobrovo\u013en\u00edkov, ktor\u00fdm bolo podan\u00e9 LSD, sa u 13 z nich vyskytla \"porucha \u010dasu\". Hoci niektor\u00ed mali pocit, \u017ee sa \u010das nekone\u010dne predl\u017euje, a in\u00ed mali pocit, \u017ee sa r\u00fdchlo vz\u010fa\u013euje, v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina poci\u0165ovala \"\u010dasov\u00fa izolovanos\u0165\". To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee mali pocit, akoby plne existovali v pr\u00edtomnosti, vzdialen\u00ed od minulosti aj bud\u00facnosti. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Veda o vn\u00edman\u00ed \u010dasu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V poslednom \u010dase, ke\u010f sa rozbehla s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e1 vlna psychedelick\u00fdch \u0161t\u00fadi\u00ed, sa t\u00e1to t\u00e9ma op\u00e4\u0165 otvorila. V roku 2018 sa Devin Terhune, kognit\u00edvny neurovedec, stal spoluautorom \u0161t\u00fadium<\/a> o \u00fa\u010dinkoch mikrod\u00e1vky LSD na vn\u00edmanie \u010dasu u \u013eud\u00ed. Samotn\u00e9ho Terhunea u\u017e dlho fascinuje, ako m\u00f4\u017eu neurochemick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky skresli\u0165 na\u0161e vn\u00edmanie \u010dasu a ak\u00e9 mechanizmy sa musia odohra\u0165, aby k tomu do\u0161lo. Nov\u00fd v\u00fdskum uk\u00e1zal, ktor\u00e9 konkr\u00e9tne mozgov\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy a receptory psychedelik\u00e1 ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa. Ak tieto <\/span>to ist\u00e9<\/b> psychedelik\u00e1 m\u00f4\u017eu meni\u0165 vn\u00edmanie \u010dasu u\u017e\u00edvate\u013eom, potom z toho vypl\u00fdva, \u017ee na\u0161e vn\u00edmanie \u010dasu m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 tie\u017e regulovan\u00e9 t\u00fdmito l\u00e1tkami. <\/span>to ist\u00e9 <\/b>cesty a chemick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky... <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vzru\u0161uj\u00face veci!<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160t\u00fadia mikrod\u00e1vok LSD<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Tak\u017ee \u0161t\u00fadia Terhune a spol., publikovan\u00e1 v \u010dasopise <\/span>Psychofarmakol\u00f3gia <\/span><\/i>pozost\u00e1val zo 48 \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkov rozdelen\u00fdch do \u0161tyroch skup\u00edn. \u0160t\u00fadia bola dvojito zaslepen\u00e1, randomizovan\u00e1 a kontrolovan\u00e1 placebom, pri\u010dom jedna zo \u0161tyroch skup\u00edn bola placebov\u00e1. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 z ostatn\u00fdch troch skup\u00edn dostala n\u00edzku d\u00e1vku LSD - 5,10 alebo 20 mikrogramov. Potom mali za \u00falohu \"\u010dasov\u00fa reprodukciu\". T\u00e1 spo\u010d\u00edvala v tom, \u017ee dobrovo\u013en\u00edkovi sa na obrazovke zobrazil modr\u00fd kruh na ur\u010dit\u00fd \u010das. Potom boli po\u017eiadan\u00ed, aby stla\u010den\u00edm tla\u010didla na rovnak\u00fd \u010das obnovili, ako dlho sa pod\u013ea nich nach\u00e1dzal na obrazovke. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Foto: Ben Sweet on Unsplash<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Terhune povedal pre Vice.com;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Tak\u017ee tento modr\u00fd kruh by sa na obrazovke objavil napr\u00edklad na 1 200 milisek\u00fand alebo 1 600 milisek\u00fand, nech je to \u010doko\u013evek. \u00da\u010dastn\u00edk sa na to musel s\u00fastredi\u0165, odhadn\u00fa\u0165 a zapam\u00e4ta\u0165 si toto trvanie.\"<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdskumn\u00edci zistili, \u017ee skupiny, ktor\u00fdm bolo podan\u00e9 LSD, dr\u017eali tla\u010didlo stla\u010den\u00e9 podstatne dlh\u0161ie. V podstate v\u00fdrazne nadhodnotili \u010das, po\u010das ktor\u00e9ho bol modr\u00fd kruh na obrazovke. K tomuto n\u00e1sledku do\u0161lo nez\u00e1visle od psychedelick\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dinkov. Koniec koncov, i\u0161lo o \u0161t\u00fadiu \"mikrod\u00e1vok\". Nieko\u013eko dobrovo\u013en\u00edkov poc\u00edtilo mierne zmeny, ale nie nato\u013eko, aby to ovplyvnilo \u0161tatistiku \u0161t\u00fadie. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hoci v\u00fdsledky boli skuto\u010dne zauj\u00edmav\u00e9, Terhune a jeho spolupracovn\u00edci e\u0161te musia presne ur\u010di\u0165, \u010do znamenaj\u00fa.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Po prv\u00e9 - v ktorom okamihu sa zmenilo vn\u00edmanie \u010dasu? Bolo to po\u010das sledovania modr\u00e9ho kruhu? Alebo to bolo po\u010das stla\u010denia tla\u010didla? <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdsledky nazna\u010duj\u00fa zmes faktorov<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Manoj Doss, ktor\u00fd s\u00e1m na \u0161t\u00fadii nepracoval, ale je postdoktorand kognit\u00edvnej neuropsychofarmakol\u00f3gie, sa domnieva, \u017ee by to mohla by\u0165 zmes faktorov. Pre port\u00e1l Vice.com uviedol: \"Doss je presved\u010den\u00fd, \u017ee je to mo\u017en\u00e9;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Predstierajme, \u017ee ste si mysleli, \u017ee po\u010diato\u010dn\u00fd interval v\u00e1m pripadal ako 3 sekundy (a skuto\u010dne to tak bolo). Ke\u010f ho reprodukujete v stave, v ktorom sa v\u00e1m zd\u00e1 \u010das dvakr\u00e1t dlh\u0161\u00ed, mysleli by ste si, \u017ee uplynuli 3 sekundy, hoci v skuto\u010dnosti uplynulo len 1,5 sekundy. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci ich \u0161t\u00fadie mohli interval zak\u00f3dova\u0165 \u00faplne norm\u00e1lnym sp\u00f4sobom, ale po\u010das reprodukcie mali pocit, \u017ee sa \u010das \"zr\u00fdchlil\", \u010do viedlo k dlh\u0161iemu odhadu. Domnievam sa, \u017ee v hre s\u00fa oba efekty.\"<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Foto: Aron Visuals on Unsplash<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u010cas - je klzk\u00fd! Ale s istotou vieme, \u017ee psychedelik\u00e1 <\/span>do <\/span><\/i>maj\u00fa \u00fa\u010dinok. Len to \"ako\" a \"pre\u010do\" je st\u00e1le trochu hmlist\u00e9. Ale s pokra\u010duj\u00facim v\u00fdskumom sa to ur\u010dite vyjasn\u00ed! <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Psilocyb\u00edn sp\u00f4sobuje opa\u010dn\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinok<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Aby sme v\u0161ak e\u0161te viac zamotali vodu, podobn\u00e1 \u0161t\u00fadium<\/a> z roku 2007, tentoraz s pou\u017eit\u00edm psilocyb\u00ednu <\/span>(z magick\u00fdch h\u00fab a h\u013euzoviek) <\/span><\/i>zistil, \u017ee liek sp\u00f4sobil <\/span>nedostato\u010dn\u00e1 produkcia, <\/span><\/i>opak \u0161t\u00fadie LSD. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci podcenili \u010das, ktor\u00fd mali na reprodukciu \u00falohy. Je zauj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee to zistili aj in\u00e9 psilocyb\u00ednov\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fadie. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 je poznamena\u0165, \u017ee hoci sa psilocyb\u00edn a LSD pova\u017euj\u00fa za relat\u00edvne podobn\u00e9 drogy z h\u013eadiska \u00fa\u010dinku, v \u0161t\u00fadi\u00e1ch sa zdalo, \u017ee sp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa opa\u010dn\u00e9 \u010dasovo-percep\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky. Manoj Doss op\u00e4\u0165;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Ak m\u00e1te dva lieky, ktor\u00e9 v podstate robia v mozgu ve\u013emi podobn\u00e9 veci a jeden z nich rob\u00ed opak, m\u00e1 \u00faplne opa\u010dn\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinok, je to \u00fa\u017easn\u00e9,\"<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
(cez Pixabay)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Pod\u013ea jednej z te\u00f3ri\u00ed by LSD mohlo ma\u0165 na mozog \u0161ir\u0161iu \u0161k\u00e1lu \u00fa\u010dinkov. Psilocyb\u00edn aj LSD ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa seroton\u00ednov\u00e9 receptory. LSD v\u0161ak p\u00f4sob\u00ed aj na dopam\u00ednov\u00e9 receptory. To by mohlo znamena\u0165, \u017ee seroton\u00edn a dopam\u00edn s\u00fa k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdmi prvkami n\u00e1\u0161ho vn\u00edmania \u010dasu, ale potenci\u00e1lne protichodn\u00fdmi sp\u00f4sobmi. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ak chceme \u010falej odha\u013eova\u0165 tajomstv\u00e1 mysle a potenci\u00e1lne aj samotn\u00e9ho vedomia, je potrebn\u00e9 \u010fal\u0161ie \u0161t\u00fadium psilocyb\u00ednu aj LSD. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ke\u010f veda dobehne<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V\u017edy je fascinuj\u00face, ke\u010f veda dobehne to, \u010do je u\u017e ve\u013emi dlho zn\u00e1me zo sk\u00fasenost\u00ed a anekdot. T\u00ed, ktor\u00ed absolvovali psychedelick\u00fd trip, pre\u017eili cel\u00fd \u017eivot a za\u017eili zjavenia v priebehu nieko\u013ek\u00fdch hod\u00edn, v\u00e1m to potvrdia.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V kult\u00fare, v ktorej m\u00e1me pocit, \u017ee nikdy nem\u00e1me dos\u0165 \u010dasu, sa psychedelik\u00e1, ako s\u00fa magick\u00e9 huby, daj\u00fa pou\u017ei\u0165 na to, aby sme boli plne pr\u00edtomn\u00ed v danom okamihu - aj ke\u010f je tento okamih v\u00edrivou duchovnou v\u00edziou. T\u00e1to ve\u010dnos\u0165, ktor\u00e1 existuje v r\u00e1mci hr\u00edbov\u00e9ho tripu, je v na\u0161ej mysli skuto\u010dn\u00e1. T\u00fdmto sp\u00f4sobom psychedelik\u00e1 <\/span>do <\/span><\/i>dajte n\u00e1m \u010das navy\u0161e. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
(Foto: Thomas Bormans on Unsplash<\/em>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trippy, huh! Za\u017eili ste psychedelick\u00fd \u010dasov\u00fd posun? Dajte n\u00e1m vedie\u0165 v koment\u00e1roch ni\u017e\u0161ie!<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V rozpr\u00e1vkov\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch detsk\u00fdch kn\u00edh plynie \u010das zvl\u00e1\u0161tnym a nezvy\u010dajn\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom. Deti z knihy Lev, str\u00e1\u017e a skri\u0148a bojuj\u00fa dlh\u00fd boj s bielou \u010darodejnicou, dospievaj\u00fa, vl\u00e1dnu vlastn\u00fdm kr\u00e1\u013eovstv\u00e1m a \u017eij\u00fa plnohodnotn\u00fd \u017eivot - ke\u010f sa v\u0161ak potkn\u00fa sp\u00e4\u0165 cez skri\u0148u, uplyn\u00fa len min\u00faty.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":64935,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[88],"tags":[],"topics":[],"class_list":["post-64916","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-psychedelic-studies"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64916","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=64916"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64916\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":123153,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64916\/revisions\/123153"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/64935"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=64916"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=64916"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=64916"},{"taxonomy":"topics","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topics?post=64916"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}