{"id":22713,"date":"2021-06-09T12:59:50","date_gmt":"2021-06-09T12:59:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/?p=18522"},"modified":"2023-05-11T09:17:31","modified_gmt":"2023-05-11T07:17:31","slug":"how-mushrooms-help-plants-talk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/sl\/blog\/kako-gobe-pomagajo-rastlinam-govoriti\/","title":{"rendered":"Kako gobe pomagajo rastlinam govoriti"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ali pa so?&nbsp; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V nedavnem poro\u010dilu Zdru\u017eenega kraljestva <strong>\u0161tudija<\/strong>so znanstveniki ugotovili, da so rastline v naravi povezane s koreninami prek <strong>mre\u017ee gliv<\/strong>. Te zapletene mre\u017ee, imenovane <strong>mikoriza<\/strong>, lahko potekajo ve\u010d kilometrov pod zemljo in omogo\u010dajo rastlinam, da se med seboj pogovarjajo v virtualnem <em>\"rastlina Internet\"<\/em>. Tukaj je odkritje, ki lahko za vedno spremeni va\u0161 pogled na svet!&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-pale-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\" id=\"h-plant-internet\"><em>\"Rastlinski internet\" <\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/hNMH1rHToFuq45hdQO6mEGGsTku-1U5oKX2wUY87wUnpUBhGoxW68BXUqEsB-pPNpa-h4qyeMLtReewoHvRxuXz1qtV1G37REwYGsCubCyME2M9XZxeRhnmZI9Lb55tVYLc60i3u\" alt=\"\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-amber-color\">Prvotni \"opti\u010dni internet\". (Foto: DW)&nbsp;<\/span><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mikoriza<\/strong> je vrsta glive, ki se prilepi na korenine rastlin. <em>(v gr\u0161\u010dini mykos pomeni gliva, riza pa korenina)<\/em>. Gliva s svojimi svilnatimi \"vejami\", ki rastejo do korenin drugih rastlin, oblikuje zapleteno mre\u017eo. Ta se lahko razteza <em>desetine<\/em> metrov v povpre\u010dju. In \u010de si ga ogledate od blizu, je videti kot paj\u010devina - kot je pogosto videti micelij. Zagotovo znan pogled, \u010de <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/sl\/webshop\/MAGIC-MUSHROOM-GROW-KITS-c2086070\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">vzgojite svoje \u010darobne gobe<\/a><\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kako se lahko rastline pogovarjajo prek teh koreninskih gliv? Raziskovalci z univerze <strong>Univerza v Aberdeenu<\/strong> ustvaril test, s katerim je to ugotovil. V klasi\u010dnem poskusu so vzgojili dva sklopa rastlin boba. V enem so pustili rasti mre\u017ee gliv. Druga skupina pa ne. Stebla, veje in liste so prav tako prekrili z vre\u010dkami, da bi prepre\u010dili kakr\u0161ne koli kemi\u010dne signale. <em>(ki se lahko raz\u0161iri po zraku)<\/em>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Znanstveniki so nato izdali <strong>m\u0161ic<\/strong> <em>(\u0161kodljive \u017eu\u017eelke, ki sesajo sokove)<\/em> na nekatere rastline, da bi preverili, ali lahko <em>\"warn\"<\/em> druge pravo\u010dasno.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-pale-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\" id=\"h-early-warning-system\"><em> Sistem zgodnjega opozarjanja <\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh6.googleusercontent.com\/8k53vhS2Jm0yZ1DOmb3CkHTeJUO0tIjXYAxfvp7UZcpjnLreWkYdpucbX8NDqpucBhYF9ES0nt9HRT7pPpLBTlpF3-E_pAfrekF0whB6VYs2Myw1U8auej4CjgvFlCU_zxu554OS\" alt=\"\" width=\"528\" height=\"533\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><mark class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-amber-color\">Rastline, ki so jih napadle m\u0161ice, \"opozarjajo\" druge rastline z mre\u017eami gliv. (Foto: Ecology Letters)<\/mark><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ali ste vedeli, da lahko fi\u017eol, kadar je ogro\u017een, razpr\u0161i kemikalije? Ti toksini, ki so namenjeni boju proti afidam, privabljajo tudi <strong>Ose<\/strong>, naravni plenilci \u0161kodljivcev. Obramba deluje le, \u010de lahko z m\u0161icami napadene rastline pravo\u010dasno opozorijo druge - in tu nastopi mre\u017ea gliv.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Spletna stran <em>prvi sklop<\/em> rastlin fi\u017eola <em>(ki je imela mre\u017ee glivic) <\/em>so se lahko pripravili na prihod m\u0161ic. Na spletni strani <em>drugi sklop<\/em> <em>(v katerem ni bilo nobenih mre\u017e glivic)<\/em> niso vedeli, da se bodo pojavili \u0161kodljivci. Niso imeli <strong>sistem zgodnjega opozarjanja<\/strong>... zato so jim pokuhali fi\u017eol.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-pale-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\" id=\"h-wood-wide-web\"><em>Wood Wide Web <\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh5.googleusercontent.com\/D9URYP9Xb8o-6alIvbyhFlEZbo_FKTAt49dfzVOzXBxcxj_ekhEFmsm8x52eQFeKYSaDCTnZXbq9e4vV5hfX16nktLMHpA1A5wWcHQUGuhkTdRBdjsqYQYUQOaulhPYIZysHT5fC\" alt=\"\" width=\"695\" height=\"409\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-amber-color\">Umetni\u0161ko delo Julesa Bartla<\/span><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Neverjetna mo\u010d omre\u017eij gliv go <em>ve\u010d kot<\/em> rastline fi\u017eola. Verjeli ali ne, mikorizne glive povezujejo <strong>90% vseh kopenskih rastlin<\/strong>! Starej\u0161a drevesa po\u0161iljajo sladkorje \"mladim drevesom\"... Umirajo\u010da drevesa lahko ostanke hranilnih snovi predajo drugim drevesom... In seveda se zgodnja opozorila po\u0161iljajo preostalemu gozdu. <em>(v primeru epidemij \u017eu\u017eelk)<\/em>. Vse po zaslugi omre\u017eij gliv!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\"Odnos med mikoriznimi glivami in rastlinami, ki jih povezujejo, je zdaj znan.<\/em><strong><em> <\/em><\/strong><em>starodaven (star okoli \u0161tiristo petdeset milijonov let)... <\/em><strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Symbiosis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">simbioza <\/a><\/em><\/strong><em>v katerem imata oba organizma koristi drug od drugega.\" <\/em>- iz <strong>New Yorker<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Glive absorbirajo hrano iz dreves, na primer sladkor, bogat z ogljikovimi hidrati, ki ga pridobivajo iz son\u010dne svetlobe. S posebnimi encimi, ki jih drevesa nimajo, glive prevzamejo <strong>fosfor<\/strong>, <strong>du\u0161ik<\/strong>in <strong>\u017eelezo<\/strong> iz tal - in <em>delnice<\/em> z njihovimi listnatimi gostitelji. Kako? Izkazalo se je, da mre\u017ee glivic bolje absorbirajo hranila in vodo kot korenine rastlin! Neverjetno, kajne?&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-pale-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\" id=\"h-nature-s-recycling\"><em> Recikliranje narave <\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/c3ogALnczuKzb4MRFvpcuAvrxK3eY2b6eymZrTqeS1WUkGvIhpSVMjgawBKJjhFXpMfkrzSTFPnzfIthElWGBD4yROUBvUiB6boJreEu4AAlFNy_ytEG9jCMI5EGprKKjDDTpwQ4\" alt=\"\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-amber-color\">Glive delujejo kot razkrojevalke, saj razgrajujejo hranila, zaradi \u010desar so tla izjemno bogata in rodovitna. (Foto: Groasis Waterboxx)<\/span><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Glive imajo veliko vlogo kot <strong>razkrojevalci<\/strong> v ve\u010dini kopenskih ekosistemov. Glive se hranijo z razpadajo\u010dim lesom in tako vra\u010dajo hranila v tla. Ti \"odpadki\" slu\u017eijo kot hrana za rastline, zaradi \u010desar je zgornja plast tal bogata in rodovitna. Gobe lahko tudi <a href=\"https:\/\/www.resilience.org\/stories\/2019-04-08\/mushrooms-clean-up-our-toxic-messes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>\u010di\u0161\u010denje naftnih odpadkov<\/strong> <\/a> pred grdimi razlitji nafte in celo razgradijo strupeni klor! Po besedah mikologa <strong>Paul Stamets<\/strong>, gobe <em>so .<\/em> naravni sistem recikliranja:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh5.googleusercontent.com\/mPhhIp-EMCOGzp5waZ8Ia1rem6izPlLYym2QSTTqb1vBzwtEq-CU1NzQmviik8AYB3qNcsQuMNmvRmq1WPMcvQg75sGTsggNvSO_vLfzGLq7S2teo04Z373zhlC9zcQkiESJY6G6\" alt=\"\" width=\"443\" height=\"333\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-amber-color\">Paul Stamets z gobo agarikon.<\/span><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\"Glive so veliki predelovalci planeta in vodilne vrste pri obnovi habitatov.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\"Nikoli ne podcenjujte spretnosti gob pri iskanju nove hrane, od odmrlih rastlinskih snovi do nematod in bakterij!\"<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Danes je zelo te\u017eko prepoznati omre\u017eja gliv. Da bi te pre\u017eivele, tla ne smejo biti razrahljana. <strong>\u010clove\u0161ka dejavnost,<\/strong> kot sta obdelava tal in kultiviranje, lahko uni\u010dijo mikorizo. (<em>Ste se kdaj vpra\u0161ali, zakaj pridelki na mestnih kmetijah ne gojijo mre\u017e gliv? Zdaj veste!)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-pale-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\" id=\"h-underground-magic\"><em>Podzemna magija<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh4.googleusercontent.com\/YqJC5zQXg5pYEHVLGupRhaKoEIBHpkJzR_jXct6f6fhTwXaVEA0xfZK8czOhNqxHWysUS3jrqug-d4BZQFs1yq4XWf9ItaXYayullsBs8k3m6zZZVbKig2dc8sRnM0YKRiY4blTV\" alt=\"\" width=\"308\" height=\"308\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\"Razodetje <\/em><strong><em>Wood Wide Web<\/em><\/strong><em>Obstoj gozda in bolj\u0161e razumevanje njegovih funkcij odpirata velika vpra\u0161anja - o tem, kje se vrste za\u010dnejo in kon\u010dajo, ali si je gozd bolje predstavljati kot enotno <\/em><strong><em>superorganizem<\/em><\/strong><em>... in o tem, kaj lahko pomeni trgovanje, delitev ali celo prijateljstvo med rastlinami.\"<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fantasti\u010dne glive so <em>povsod<\/em>. Toda poleg trippy u\u017eitkov, kot so <strong>\u010darobne gobe<\/strong> in . <strong>tartufi<\/strong>, je v igri \u0161e ena globoka \u010darovnija. Skrivna \u010darovnija, ki jo lahko resni\u010dno izkusijo le rastline in glive, stkane iz nitk micelija. Seveda, \u0161e vedno obstaja <em>veliko skrivnosti<\/em> re\u0161evati v mikoriznih glivah. Toda nekaj je gotovo... Podzemne mre\u017ee gliv so<strong> <\/strong>klju\u010d do mo\u010dne rasti rastlin!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>For thousands of years, humans were thought to be the only ones who could talk on planet Earth. Apart from dogs, birds, and a few other critters, of course, which can \u201ctalk\u201d in a manner of speaking. But excluding them, most other things under the blazing sun aren&#8217;t so verbal \u2014 not lizards, nor pebbles, nor diamonds or plants. Trees are simply there, y\u2019know? Sturdy and majestic for sure, but certainly not &#8216;chatty&#8217;.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":22475,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[68],"tags":[],"topics":[],"class_list":["post-22713","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science-and-studies"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22713","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=22713"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22713\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":123645,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22713\/revisions\/123645"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/22475"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22713"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=22713"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=22713"},{"taxonomy":"topics","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.wholecelium.com\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topics?post=22713"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}